Lim Insu, Park Yong-Jin, Ha Jungmin
Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
Department of Plant Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan, 340-702, Korea.
Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 4;14(1):5226. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55581-w.
The key genes BADH2, GBSS1, GBSS2, and HIS1 regulate the fragrance, starch synthesis, and herbicide resistance in rice. Although the molecular functions of four genes have been investigated in the Oryza sativa species, little is known regarding their evolutionary history in the Oryza genus. Here, we studied the evolution of four focal genes in 10 Oryza species using phylogenetic and syntenic approaches. The HIS1 family underwent several times of tandem duplication events in the Oryza species, resulting in copy number variation ranging from 2 to 7. At most one copy of BADH2, GBSS1, and GBSS2 orthologs were identified in each Oryza species, and gene loss events of BADH2 and GBSS2 were identified in three Oryza species. Gene transfer analysis proposed that the functional roles of GBSS1 and GBSS2 were developed in the Asian and African regions, respectively, and most allelic variations of BADH2 in japonica rice emerged after the divergence between the Asian and African rice groups. These results provide clues to determine the origin and evolution of the key genes in rice breeding as well as valuable information for molecular breeders and scientists to develop efficient strategies to simultaneously improve grain quality and yield potential in rice.
关键基因BADH2、GBSS1、GBSS2和HIS1调控水稻的香味、淀粉合成及抗除草剂特性。尽管已在栽培稻中对这四个基因的分子功能进行了研究，但关于它们在稻属中的进化历史却知之甚少。在此，我们运用系统发育和共线性方法研究了10种稻属植物中这四个重点基因的进化情况。HIS1家族在稻属物种中经历了多次串联重复事件，导致拷贝数在2至7之间变化。在每个稻属物种中最多鉴定出一个BADH2、GBSS1和GBSS2直系同源基因拷贝，且在三个稻属物种中发现了BADH2和GBSS2的基因丢失事件。基因转移分析表明，GBSS1和GBSS2的功能分别在亚洲和非洲地区形成，粳稻中BADH2的大多数等位基因变异出现在亚洲和非洲稻组分化之后。这些结果为确定水稻育种中关键基因的起源和进化提供了线索，也为分子育种者和科学家制定有效策略以同时提高水稻品质和产量潜力提供了有价值的信息。
