Frech Sophie, Lichtenberger Beate M
Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Front Physiol. 2024 Feb 16;15:1367425. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1367425. eCollection 2024.
Epithelial tissues, including the skin, are highly proliferative tissues with the capability to constant renewal and regeneration, a feature that is essential for survival as the skin forms a protective barrier against external insults and water loss. In adult mammalian skin, every injury will lead to a scar. The scar tissue that is produced to seal the wound efficiently is usually rigid and lacks elasticity and the skin's original resilience to external impacts, but also secondary appendages such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands. While it was long thought that hair follicles develop solely during embryogenesis, it is becoming increasingly clear that hair follicles can also regenerate within a wound. The ability of the skin to induce hair neogenesis following injury however declines with age. As fetal and neonatal skin have the remarkable capacity to heal without scarring, the recapitulation of a neonatal state has been a primary target of recent regenerative research. In this review we highlight how modulating dermal signaling or the abundance of specific fibroblast subsets could be utilized to induce hair follicles within the wound bed, and thus to shift wound repair with a scar to scarless regeneration.
上皮组织，包括皮肤，是高度增殖性组织，具有持续更新和再生的能力，这一特性对于生存至关重要，因为皮肤形成了抵御外部损伤和水分流失的保护屏障。在成年哺乳动物的皮肤中，每次受伤都会导致疤痕形成。为有效封闭伤口而产生的疤痕组织通常坚硬，缺乏弹性以及皮肤对外部冲击的原始弹性，而且还缺乏毛囊和皮脂腺等附属器官。虽然长期以来人们认为毛囊仅在胚胎发育期间形成，但越来越清楚的是，毛囊也可以在伤口内再生。然而，皮肤在受伤后诱导毛发新生的能力会随着年龄的增长而下降。由于胎儿和新生儿的皮肤具有无疤痕愈合的显著能力，重现新生儿状态一直是近期再生研究的主要目标。在这篇综述中，我们强调了如何利用调节真皮信号或特定成纤维细胞亚群的丰度来诱导伤口床内的毛囊，从而将有疤痕的伤口修复转变为无疤痕再生。
