Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA; Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China.
Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.
Cell Host Microbe. 2021 May 12;29(5):777-791.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.03.003. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
Environmental factors that enhance regeneration are largely unknown. The immune system and microbiome are attributed roles in repairing and regenerating structure but their precise interplay is unclear. Here, we assessed the function of skin bacteria in wound healing and wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN), a rare adult organogenesis model. WIHN levels and stem cell markers correlate with bacterial counts, being lowest in germ-free (GF), intermediate in conventional specific pathogen-free (SPF), and highest in wild-type mice, even those infected with pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. Reducing skin microbiota via cage changes or topical antibiotics decreased WIHN. Inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and keratinocyte-dependent IL-1R-MyD88 signaling are necessary and sufficient for bacteria to promote regeneration. Finally, in a small trial, a topical broad-spectrum antibiotic also slowed skin wound healing in adult volunteers. These results demonstrate a role for IL-1β to control morphogenesis and support the need to reconsider routine applications of topical prophylactic antibiotics.
环境因素促进再生在很大程度上是未知的。免疫系统和微生物组被认为在修复和再生结构中起作用，但它们的确切相互作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们评估了皮肤细菌在伤口愈合和伤口诱导的毛囊新生（WIHN）中的功能，WIHN 是一种罕见的成人器官发生模型。WIHN 水平和干细胞标志物与细菌计数相关，在无菌（GF）中最低，在常规特定病原体无（SPF）中中等，在野生型小鼠中最高，即使感染了致病性金黄色葡萄球菌也是如此。通过 cage changes 或局部抗生素减少皮肤微生物群会减少 WIHN。促炎细胞因子 IL-1β 和角质形成细胞依赖性 IL-1R-MyD88 信号传导对于细菌促进再生是必需和充分的。最后，在一项小型试验中，局部广谱抗生素也会减缓成年志愿者的皮肤伤口愈合。这些结果表明 IL-1β 在控制形态发生中的作用，并支持需要重新考虑局部预防性抗生素的常规应用。
