Singh S Ankul, Ansari Mohd Nazam, M Elossaily Gehan, Vellapandian Chitra, Prajapati Bhupendra
Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
ACS Omega. 2024 Feb 15;9(8):8615-8631. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06328. eCollection 2024 Feb 27.
Pollution is ubiquitous, and much of it is anthropogenic in nature, which is a severe risk factor not only for respiratory infections or asthma sufferers but also for Alzheimer's disease, which has received a lot of attention recently. This Review aims to investigate the primary environmental risk factors and their profound impact on Alzheimer's disease. It underscores the pivotal role of multidimensional imaging in early disease identification and prevention. Conducting a comprehensive review, we delved into a plethora of literature sources available through esteemed databases, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed. Our search strategy incorporated keywords such as "Alzheimer Disease", "Alzheimer's", "Dementia", "Oxidative Stress", and "Phytotherapy" in conjunction with "Criteria Pollutants", "Imaging", "Pathology", and "Particulate Matter". Alzheimer's disease is not only a result of complex biological factors but is exacerbated by the infiltration of airborne particles and gases that surreptitiously breach the nasal defenses to traverse the brain, akin to a Trojan horse. Various imaging modalities and noninvasive techniques have been harnessed to identify disease progression in its incipient stages. However, each imaging approach possesses inherent limitations, prompting exploration of a unified technique under a single umbrella. Multidimensional imaging stands as the linchpin for detecting and forestalling the relentless march of Alzheimer's disease. Given the intricate etiology of the condition, identifying a prospective candidate for Alzheimer's disease may take decades, rendering the development of a multimodal imaging technique an imperative. This research underscores the pressing need to recognize the chronic ramifications of invisible particulate matter and to advance our understanding of the insidious environmental factors that contribute to Alzheimer's disease.
污染无处不在，且其中许多污染本质上是人为造成的，这不仅是呼吸道感染患者或哮喘患者的严重风险因素，也是近期备受关注的阿尔茨海默病的严重风险因素。本综述旨在研究主要的环境风险因素及其对阿尔茨海默病的深远影响。它强调了多维成像在疾病早期识别和预防中的关键作用。通过全面检索，我们深入研究了通过包括科学Direct、谷歌学术、Scopus、Cochrane和PubMed在内的著名数据库获得的大量文献来源。我们的检索策略结合了“阿尔茨海默病”、“阿尔茨海默氏症”、“痴呆症”、“氧化应激”和“植物疗法”等关键词，以及“标准污染物”、“成像”、“病理学”和“颗粒物”。阿尔茨海默病不仅是复杂生物因素的结果，还会因空气中的颗粒和气体的侵入而加剧，这些颗粒和气体偷偷突破鼻腔防御进入大脑，就像特洛伊木马一样。已经利用各种成像方式和非侵入性技术来识别疾病早期阶段的进展。然而，每种成像方法都有其固有的局限性，这促使人们探索一种统一的技术。多维成像成为检测和阻止阿尔茨海默病不断发展的关键。鉴于该病病因复杂，确定阿尔茨海默病的潜在候选者可能需要数十年时间，因此开发一种多模态成像技术势在必行。这项研究强调了迫切需要认识到无形颗粒物的长期影响，并加深我们对导致阿尔茨海默病的潜在环境因素的理解。
