Zhou Shijie, Dong Yiqiang, Yang Helong, Yang Suwen, Julihaiti Asitaiken, Liu Zeyu, Nie Tingting, Jiang Anjing, Wu Yue, An Shazhou
School of Grassland Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi China.
Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology Autonomous Region Urumqi Xinjiang China.
Ecol Evol. 2024 Mar 1;14(3):e11056. doi: 10.1002/ece3.11056. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Soil fungi are involved in the decomposition of organic matter, and they alter soil structure and physicochemical properties and drive the material cycle and energy flow in terrestrial ecosystems. Fungal community assembly processes were dissimilar in different soil layers and significantly affected soil microbial community function and plant growth. Grazing exclusion is one of the most common measures used to restore degraded grasslands worldwide. However, changes in soil fungal community characteristics during grazing exclusion in different types of grasslands are unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of a 9-year grazing exclusion on soil properties, fungal community composition, and diversity in three grassland types (temperate desert, temperate steppe, and mountain meadow). The results showed that (1) in the 0-5 cm soil layer, grazing exclusion significantly increased the differences in SWC, SOC, KN, and N:P among the three grassland types, while the final pH, BD, TP, C:N, and C:P values were consistent with the results before exclusion. In the 5-10 cm soil layer, grazing exclusion significantly increased total phosphorus (TP) in temperate deserts by 34.1%, while significantly decreasing bulk density (BD) by 9.8% and the nitrogen: phosphorus ratio (N:P) by 47.1%. (2) The soil fungal community composition differed among the grassland types, For example, significant differences were found among the three grassland types for the and (3) Under the influence of both grazing exclusion and grassland type, there was no significant change in soil fungal alpha diversity, but there were significant differences in fungal beta diversity. (4) Grassland type was the most important factor influencing changes in fungal community diversity, and vegetation cover and soil kjeldahl nitrogen were the main factors influencing fungal diversity. Our research provides a long-term perspective for better understanding and managing different grasslands, as well as a better scientific basis for future research on grass-soil-microbe interactions.
土壤真菌参与有机物的分解，改变土壤结构和理化性质，驱动陆地生态系统中的物质循环和能量流动。真菌群落组装过程在不同土壤层中有所不同，并显著影响土壤微生物群落功能和植物生长。禁牧是全球用于恢复退化草原的最常见措施之一。然而，不同类型草原在禁牧期间土壤真菌群落特征的变化尚不清楚。在此，我们研究了9年禁牧对三种草原类型（温带荒漠、温带草原和山地草甸）土壤性质、真菌群落组成和多样性的影响。结果表明：（1）在0-5厘米土层中，禁牧显著增加了三种草原类型之间土壤含水量、土壤有机碳、碱解氮和氮磷比的差异，而最终的pH值、容重、总磷、碳氮比和碳磷比与禁牧前的结果一致。在5-10厘米土层中，禁牧使温带荒漠中的总磷显著增加34.1%，同时使容重显著降低9.8%，氮磷比显著降低47.1%。（2）草原类型间土壤真菌群落组成不同，例如，在三种草原类型之间发现了 和 的显著差异。（3）在禁牧和草原类型的共同影响下，土壤真菌α多样性没有显著变化，但真菌β多样性存在显著差异。（4）草原类型是影响真菌群落多样性变化的最重要因素，植被覆盖度和土壤凯氏氮是影响真菌多样性的主要因素。我们的研究为更好地理解和管理不同草原提供了长期视角，也为未来草地-土壤-微生物相互作用的研究提供了更好的科学依据。
