McCord Kelli A, Wang Chao, Anhalt Mirjam, Poon Wayne W, Gavin Amanda L, Wu Peng, Macauley Matthew S
Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
ACS Cent Sci. 2024 Jan 17;10(2):315-330. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00969. eCollection 2024 Feb 28.
Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) play key roles in the effector function of IgG, but their inappropriate activation plays a role in several disease etiologies. Therefore, it is critical to better understand how FcγRs are regulated. Numerous studies suggest that sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs), a family of immunomodulatory receptors, modulate FcγR activity; however, it is unclear of the circumstances in which Siglecs can antagonize FcγRs and which Siglecs have this ability. Using liposomes displaying selective ligands to coengage FcγRs with a specific Siglec, we explore the ability of Siglec-3, Siglec-5, Siglec-7, and Siglec-9 to antagonize signaling downstream of FcγRs. We demonstrate that Siglec-3 and Siglec-9 can fully inhibit FcγR activation in U937 cells when coengaged with FcγRs. Cells expressing Siglec mutants reveal differential roles for the immunomodulatory tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunomodulatory tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) in this inhibition. Imaging flow cytometry enabled visualization of SHP-1 recruitment to Siglec-3 in an ITIM-dependent manner, while SHP-2 recruitment is more ITSM-dependent. Conversely, both cytosolic motifs of Siglec-9 contribute to SHP-1/2 recruitment. Siglec-7 poorly antagonizes FcγR activation for two reasons: masking by cis ligands and differences in its ITIM and ITSM. A chimera of the Siglec-3 extracellular domains and Siglec-5 cytosolic tail strongly inhibits FcγR when coengaged, providing evidence that Siglec-5 is more like Siglec-3 and Siglec-9 in its ability to antagonize FcγRs. Additionally, Siglec-3 and Siglec-9 inhibited FcγRs when coengaged by cells displaying ligands for both the Siglec and FcγRs. These results suggest a role for Siglecs in mediating FcγR inhibition in the context of an immunological synapse, which has important relevance to the effectiveness of immunotherapies.
Fcγ受体(FcγRs)在IgG的效应功能中起关键作用,但其不适当的激活在多种疾病病因中发挥作用。因此,更好地了解FcγRs如何被调节至关重要。大量研究表明,唾液酸结合免疫球蛋白型凝集素(Siglecs),一类免疫调节受体,可调节FcγR活性;然而,尚不清楚Siglecs在何种情况下能够拮抗FcγRs以及哪些Siglecs具有这种能力。利用展示选择性配体的脂质体使FcγRs与特定Siglec共同结合,我们探究了Siglec-3、Siglec-5、Siglec-7和Siglec-9拮抗FcγRs下游信号传导的能力。我们证明,当与FcγRs共同结合时,Siglec-3和Siglec-9能够完全抑制U937细胞中FcγR的激活。表达Siglec突变体的细胞揭示了免疫调节性基于酪氨酸的抑制基序(ITIM)和免疫调节性基于酪氨酸的开关基序(ITSM)在这种抑制中的不同作用。成像流式细胞术能够以ITIM依赖的方式观察到SHP-1募集到Siglec-3,而SHP-2的募集更多地依赖于ITSM。相反,Siglec-9的两个胞质基序均有助于SHP-1/2的募集。Siglec-7对FcγR激活的拮抗作用较弱,原因有两个:被顺式配体掩盖以及其ITIM和ITSM存在差异。Siglec-3胞外结构域与Siglec-5胞质尾部的嵌合体在共同结合时强烈抑制FcγR,这提供了证据表明Siglec-5在拮抗FcγRs的能力上更类似于Siglec-3和Siglec-9。此外,当被同时展示Siglec和FcγR配体的细胞共同结合时,Siglec-3和Siglec-9抑制FcγRs。这些结果表明Siglecs在免疫突触背景下介导FcγR抑制中发挥作用,这与免疫疗法的有效性具有重要相关性。