Bhupenchandra Ingudam, Chongtham Sunil Kumar, Gangarani Devi Ayam, Dutta Pranab, Lamalakshmi Elangbam, Mohanty Sansuta, Choudhary Anil K, Das Anup, Sarika Konsam, Kumar Sumit, Yumnam Sonika, Sagolsem Diana, Rupert Anand Y, Bhutia Dawa Dolma, Victoria M, Vinodh S, Tania Chongtham, Dhanachandra Sharma Adhikarimayum, Deb Lipa, Sahoo Manas Ranjan, Seth Chandra Shekhar, Swapnil Prashant, Meena Mukesh
ICAR-Farm Science Centre Tamenglong, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur, India.
Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Bermiok, Sikkim, India.
Plant Cell Environ. 2025 Apr;48(4):2498-2521. doi: 10.1111/pce.14868. Epub 2024 Mar 4.
A relative of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), weedy or red rice (Oryza spp.) is currently recognized as the dominant weed, leading to a drastic loss of yield of cultivated rice due to its highly competitive abilities like producing more tillers, panicles, and biomass with better nutrient uptake. Due to its high nutritional value, antioxidant properties (anthocyanin and proanthocyanin), and nutrient absorption ability, weedy rice is gaining immense research attentions to understand its genetic constitution to augment future breeding strategies and to develop nutrition-rich functional foods. Consequently, this review focuses on the unique gene source of weedy rice to enhance the cultivated rice for its crucial features like water use efficiency, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, early flowering, and the red pericarp of the seed. It explores the debating issues on the origin and evolution of weedy rice, including its high diversity, signalling aspects, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping under stress conditions, the intricacy of the mechanism in the expression of the gene flow, and ecological challenges of nutrient removal by weedy rice. This review may create a foundation for future researchers to understand the gene flow between cultivated crops and weedy traits and support an improved approach for the applicability of several models in predicting multiomics variables.
杂草稻（Oryza spp.）是栽培稻（Oryza sativa L.）的近缘种，目前被认为是主要杂草，因其具有很强的竞争力，如能产生更多的分蘖、穗和生物量，并具有更好的养分吸收能力，导致栽培稻产量大幅损失。由于杂草稻具有较高的营养价值、抗氧化特性（花青素和原花青素）以及养分吸收能力，它正受到广泛的研究关注，以了解其遗传构成，从而改进未来的育种策略，并开发营养丰富的功能性食品。因此，本综述聚焦于杂草稻独特的基因源，以增强栽培稻在水分利用效率、非生物和生物胁迫耐受性、早花以及种子红色果皮等关键特性方面的表现。它探讨了关于杂草稻起源和进化的争议性问题，包括其高度多样性、信号传导方面、胁迫条件下的数量性状位点（QTL）定位、基因流表达机制的复杂性以及杂草稻去除养分的生态挑战。本综述可为未来研究人员理解栽培作物与杂草性状之间的基因流奠定基础，并支持改进多种模型预测多组学变量适用性的方法。
