Institute of Environmental Planning, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Department for specialist information, Kompetenzzentrum Naturschutz und Energiewende KNE gGmbH, Berlin, Germany.
PLoS One. 2024 Mar 4;19(3):e0299270. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299270. eCollection 2024.
The allocation of renewable energy plants, especially wind turbines, is stagnating in Germany. Although the citizens approve of the energy transition, they resist concrete local projects. In recent years, research has shown that interactive map applications support participatory planning through motivation, social interaction, and knowledge transfer. We aim to reduce biases against renewable energy (RE) and support informed decision making while accepting local responsibility. We hypothesized that finding a new gamified participation format, based on behavioral mechanisms, would strengthen the empowerment of people. To this end, we designed a dialogue tool and participation format, 'Vision:En 2040', which combines: (i) a precise target electricity yield, (ii) an interactive map showing results of people's actions, information about environmental impacts, and (iii) game rules which foster cooperation. In facilitated workshops, participants simulate the allocation of wind and photovoltaic power plants in their municipality to achieve a target electricity yield. The developed tool is based on methods of environmental planning and geoinformatics. 'Vision:En 2040' was systematically tested with a technical test and a pre-test. In addition, its impact on participants was assessed through surveys and qualitative content analysis. The evaluation results show that the tool can influence the acceptance of the energy transition in terms of attitude. Through 'Vision:En 2040', participants became aware of the community's responsibility in the energy transition and expanded their knowledge. In addition, decision makers used the workshop results to plan RE sites. Our results indicate that 'Vision:En 2040' is helpful for informal citizen participation in accelerating the energy transition.
可再生能源工厂（尤其是风力涡轮机）的分配在德国陷入停滞。尽管公民赞成能源转型，但他们反对具体的本地项目。近年来，研究表明，交互式地图应用程序通过激励、社会互动和知识转移来支持参与式规划。我们旨在减少对可再生能源（RE）的偏见，支持知情决策，同时承担当地责任。我们假设通过基于行为机制的新游戏化参与形式，会增强人们的授权感。为此，我们设计了一个对话工具和参与格式“愿景：2040 年”，它结合了：（i）精确的目标电力产量，（ii）一个交互式地图，显示人们行动的结果、环境影响信息，以及（iii）促进合作的游戏规则。在促进性研讨会中，参与者模拟其所在市的风力和光伏发电厂的分配，以实现目标电力产量。该开发工具基于环境规划和地理信息学的方法。“愿景：2040 年”通过技术测试和预测试进行了系统测试。此外，还通过调查和定性内容分析评估了其对参与者的影响。评估结果表明，该工具可以在态度方面影响对能源转型的接受程度。通过“愿景：2040 年”，参与者意识到了社区在能源转型中的责任，并扩大了知识。此外，决策者利用研讨会的结果来规划 RE 地点。我们的结果表明，“愿景：2040 年”有助于非正规公民参与，从而加速能源转型。
