Ellapen Terry J, Paul Yvonne, Hammill Henriëtte V, Swanepoel Mariëtte
Department of Sport and Dental Therapy, Tshwane University of Technology, Tshwane, South Africa.
Department of Sport, Rehabilitation and Dental Therapy, Health Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Tshwane, South Africa.
Afr J Disabil. 2021 Jan 22;10:687. doi: 10.4102/ajod.v10i0.687. eCollection 2021.
Habitual school backpack carriage causes neuro-musculoskeletal vertebral, shoulder and hand pain; deviated posture compromised cardiopulmonary function and proprioception.
Present a novel literature summary of the influence of backpack carriage associated with deviated cervical posture and compromised pulmonary function.
An electronic literature appraisal adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews, using Google Scholar, Science Direct, EMBASE, AMED, OVID, PubMed and Sabinet search engines, was instituted during 2009-2019. Key search words: schoolbag, backpack, carriage, cervical posture and children. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Downs and Black Appraisal Scale.
583 records were initially identified which was reduced to 14 experimental and observational studies. A total of 1061 participants were included across the 14 studies, with an average age of 11.5 ± 1.3 years, body mass of 37.8 ± 6.6 kilograms (kg), height of 1.41 ± 0.05 meters (m), backpack mass of 5.2 ± 0.9 kg and percentage backpack mass to child's body mass of 13.75%. The studies mean rating according to the Downs and Black Appraisal Scale was 76.3%. The average craniovertebral angle (CVA) was 53.9° ± 14.6° whilst standing without carrying a backpack was reduced to 50.4° ± 16.4° when loaded ( < 0.05). Backpack loads carried varied from 5% - 30% of the participant's body mass that produced a mean CVA decline of 3.5°.
Backpack carriage alters cervical posture, resulting in smaller CVA and compromised pulmonary function. There is no consensus of the precise backpack mass that initiates postural changes. Girls' posture begin changes when carrying lighter backpacks as compared to boys of the same age strata.
习惯性背负书包上学可导致神经肌肉骨骼性脊柱、肩部和手部疼痛；姿势偏差会损害心肺功能和本体感觉。
对与颈椎姿势偏差和肺功能受损相关的背负书包影响进行新颖的文献综述。
于2009年至2019年期间采用系统评价的首选报告项目进行电子文献评估，使用谷歌学术、科学Direct、EMBASE、AMED、OVID、PubMed和Sabinet搜索引擎。关键搜索词：书包、背包、背负、颈椎姿势和儿童。使用唐斯和布莱克评估量表评估研究质量。
最初识别出583条记录，最终缩减至14项实验性和观察性研究。14项研究共纳入1061名参与者，平均年龄为11.5±1.3岁，体重为37.8±6.6千克（kg），身高为1.41±0.05米（m），背包重量为5.2±0.9 kg，背包重量占儿童体重的百分比为13.75%。根据唐斯和布莱克评估量表，研究的平均评分为76.3%。站立时不背背包的平均颅椎角（CVA）为53.9°±14.6°，负重时降至50.4°±16.4°（<0.05）。背负的背包重量占参与者体重的5% - 30%，导致平均CVA下降3.5°。
背负书包会改变颈椎姿势，导致CVA变小和肺功能受损。对于引发姿势变化的确切背包重量尚无共识。与同年龄层的男孩相比，女孩背负较轻背包时姿势就开始发生变化。
