Genome-wide identification, expression and function analysis of the gene family in tulip ().

Currently, soil heavy metal contamination is a severe issue, particularly with Cd pollution. The metal tolerance protein (MTP) proteins, as plant divalent cation transporters, play a crucial role in the transport and tolerance of heavy metals in plants. This study conducted comprehensive identification and characterization of the gene family in the tulip. A total of 11 genes were identified and phylogenetically classified into three subfamilies. Conserved motif and gene structure analyses unveiled commonalities and variations among subfamily members. Expression profiling demonstrated several s were markedly upregulated under Cd exposure, including the . Heterologous expression in yeast validated that could ameliorate Cd sensitivity and enhance its tolerance. These results provide primary insights into the gene family in tulip. Phylogenetic relationships and functional analyses establish a framework for elucidating the transporters and molecular mechanisms governing Cd accumulation and distribution in tulip. Key s identified, exemplified by , may illuminate molecular breeding efforts aimed at developing Cd-tolerant cultivars for the remediation of soil Cd contamination.