Bai J Sarah, Gowda P R Prajwal, Naik Sudhir M, Somashekhar Abhilasha
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Oxford Medical College & Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka India.
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2024 Feb;76(1):620-625. doi: 10.1007/s12070-023-04227-w. Epub 2023 Sep 19.
The prevalence of hearing loss is 0.09-2.3% in low risk neonates, and 0.3-14.1% in the high-risk population. The treatment requires early identification by neonatal hearing screening and early rehabilitation. OAE (oto-acoustic emission) and ABR (Auditory Brain Response) are the two objective tests used to evaluate hearing loss in neonates. OAE tests the biological response of the cochlea to auditory stimuli. ABR tests the auditory pathway. The aim is to estimate hearing loss in high-risk neonates using the Distortion Product Oto- acoustic emission (DP OAE) and to correlate the associated high-risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between March 2021 to September 2022. Newborns satisfying the inclusion criteria were included in the study. DP- OAE is performed to screen for hearing loss within 48 h of birth. Infants failing the first screening test are then examined for treatable causes and then repeated at 2 weeks. Newborns who fail the second DP-OAE are subjected to ABR for confirmation of hearing loss. A total of 100 high risk neonates underwent hearing screen using DP-OAE. Most common risk factors seen in our study are prematurity (22%), Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg) (20%), Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia (17%), Maternal risk factors (GDM) (14%). Most neonates with prematurity failed the hearing test with significant p-value of 0.05. DP- OAE test can be successfully implemented as newborn hearing screening method, for early detection of hearing impairment to achieve the high quality standard of screening programs.
低风险新生儿听力损失的患病率为0.09%-2.3%，高风险人群中为0.3%-14.1%。治疗需要通过新生儿听力筛查进行早期识别并尽早进行康复。耳声发射（OAE）和听性脑干反应（ABR）是用于评估新生儿听力损失的两项客观测试。OAE测试耳蜗对听觉刺激的生物学反应。ABR测试听觉通路。目的是使用畸变产物耳声发射（DP OAE）评估高风险新生儿的听力损失，并关联相关的高危因素。这是一项于2021年3月至2022年9月进行的横断面研究。符合纳入标准的新生儿被纳入研究。在出生后48小时内进行DP-OAE以筛查听力损失。首次筛查测试未通过的婴儿随后检查可治疗的病因，然后在2周时重复测试。第二次DP-OAE未通过的新生儿接受ABR以确认听力损失。共有100名高风险新生儿使用DP-OAE进行听力筛查。在我们的研究中发现的最常见风险因素是早产（22%）、低出生体重（<2.5kg）（20%）、新生儿高胆红素血症（17%）以及母亲风险因素（妊娠期糖尿病）（14%）。大多数早产新生儿听力测试未通过，p值为0.05，具有统计学意义。DP-OAE测试可作为新生儿听力筛查方法成功实施，用于早期发现听力障碍，以达到筛查项目的高质量标准。
