College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 5;14(1):5407. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56093-3.
Dazomet is a dry powder formulation that releases toxic gas containing methyl isothiocyanate, which controls soil-borne pests and weeds, improving crop yields when applied to moist soils. To explore the efficacy of dazomet fumigation in the cultivation of the perennial herb Codonopsis pilosula, four typical cultivars (G1, G2, W1 and TCK) in Gansu Province were selected for seedling cultivation after soil fumigation (F) by dazomet, and non-fumigated soil was used as a control (CK). The experiments took 2 years to complete. The functional diversity of the soil enzymes and microorganisms, seedling emergence and physiological characteristics, and the quality and yield of Codonopsis seedlings and Radix were assessed. The results showed that the seed emergence rate, seedling re-green rate and several antioxidant enzymatic activities improved in the treatments involving soil fumigation with dazomet, and membrane lipid peroxidation in the seedlings decreased. On average, compared with those of the respective controls, the root viability and yield of the seedlings of the tested cultivars also increased by 34.87% and 42.4%, respectively, and the incidence of root rot in the seedlings was reduced by 83.9%, compared with their respective controls. After harvest, the yield increased by 23.9%, the incidence of root rot decreased by 61.3%, increase in yield and a 61.3% reduction in incidence, and the medicinal materials were determined to be safe and residue-free. The effects of fumigation were cultivar-specific and were especially prominent in G2. Therefore, soil fumigation with dazomet could improve the quality and productivity of Codonopsis pilosula seedlings. Taken together, these findings suggest that when herbs are bred by seedling transplantation, especially cultivars of good quality but poor resistance or species with rare germplasm resources, soil fumigation provides a way to improve cultivation effectiveness and, more importantly, ensures the probability of successfully breeding the species.
棉隆是一种释放出含有异硫氰酸甲酯的有毒气体的干粉制剂，可控制土壤传播的害虫和杂草，将其应用于潮湿土壤中可提高作物产量。为了探索棉隆熏蒸在栽培多年生草本党参中的效果，选择了甘肃省四个典型品种（G1、G2、W1 和 TCK）进行幼苗栽培，在土壤熏蒸（F）后用棉隆处理土壤，并用未熏蒸的土壤作为对照（CK）。实验持续了 2 年。评估了土壤酶和微生物的功能多样性、幼苗的萌发和生理特性、党参幼苗和根的质量和产量。结果表明，用棉隆进行土壤熏蒸处理可提高种子的萌发率、幼苗的复绿率和几种抗氧化酶的活性，并降低幼苗的膜脂过氧化作用。平均而言，与各自的对照相比，测试品种的幼苗根活力和产量分别提高了 34.87%和 42.4%，幼苗根腐病的发病率降低了 83.9%。收获后，产量增加了 23.9%，根腐病的发病率降低了 61.3%，产量增加了 61.3%，发病率降低了 61.3%，药用材料安全且无残留。熏蒸效果具有品种特异性，在 G2 中尤为明显。因此，用棉隆对土壤进行熏蒸可以提高党参幼苗的质量和生产力。总之，这些发现表明，当通过幼苗移植来培育草药时，特别是对于质量好但抗性差的品种或种质资源稀少的物种，土壤熏蒸可以提高栽培效果，更重要的是，确保成功培育物种的概率。
