Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, 100193, China.
Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, 100193, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Jan 15;187:109850. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109850. Epub 2019 Oct 31.
Soil fumigation is currently the most effective method for controlling soil-borne pests and diseases in high-value crops. To better understand the effect of chloropicrin (CP), dazomet (DZ), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) fumigants on soil microorganisms, this study monitored changes in the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria involved in denitrification using real-time PCR and high-throughput gene sequencing techniques. These five fumigants significantly decreased the bacterial population size in some phyla including Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria, and increased the bacterial population size in other phyla such as Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Saccharibacteria and Parcubacteria. Although bacterial diversity declined after CP fumigation, it was briefly stimulated by the other four fumigants. Meanwhile, all five fumigants temporarily decreased populations of denitrifying bacteria containing the napA, narG, nirS or nirK enzyme-encoding genes. Denitrifiers bearing the cnorB, qnorB or nosZ genes were relatively stable following DZ and DMDS fumigation. However, cnorB and nosZ decreased initially following CP, AITC and 1,3-D fumigation. Simultaneously, the abundance of qnorB significantly increased in AITC and 1,3-D fumigated soils. These results showed that soil fumigation significantly shifted the abundance and community structure of denitrifying bacteria. This study will help to predict the response of different phyla of denitrifying bacteria to soil fumigation.
土壤熏蒸目前是防治高价值作物土传病虫害最有效的方法。为了更好地了解氯化苦（CP）、威百亩（DZ）、二甲基二硫（DMDS）、丙烯基异硫氰酸酯（AITC）和 1,3-二氯丙烯（1,3-D）熏蒸剂对土壤微生物的影响，本研究采用实时 PCR 和高通量基因测序技术，监测参与反硝化作用的土壤细菌多样性和群落组成的变化。这五种熏蒸剂显著降低了某些门（如变形菌门、绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门）的细菌种群大小，并增加了其他门（如厚壁菌门、芽单胞菌门、放线菌门、疣微菌门、浮霉菌门和 Parvibacteria 门）的细菌种群大小。虽然 CP 熏蒸后细菌多样性下降，但其他四种熏蒸剂短暂地刺激了细菌多样性。同时，所有五种熏蒸剂都暂时降低了含有 napA、narG、nirS 或 nirK 酶编码基因的反硝化细菌的数量。威百亩和 DMDS 熏蒸后，携带 cnorB、qnorB 或 nosZ 基因的反硝化菌相对稳定。然而，CP、AITC 和 1,3-D 熏蒸后 cnorB 和 nosZ 最初减少。同时，在 AITC 和 1,3-D 熏蒸的土壤中，qnorB 的丰度显著增加。这些结果表明，土壤熏蒸显著改变了反硝化细菌的丰度和群落结构。本研究将有助于预测不同反硝化细菌门对土壤熏蒸的反应。
