School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha.
The Performance Technology Department, New York Mets.
J Athl Train. 2024 Oct 1;59(10):997-1003. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0565.23.
Upper extremity injuries in baseball pitchers cause significant time loss from competing and decreased quality of life. Although shoulder range of motion (ROM) is reported as a key factor to prevent potential injury, it remains unclear how limited glenohumeral ROM affects pitching biomechanics which may contribute to upper extremity injuries.
To investigate how pitchers with decreased total arc glenohumeral ROM of the throwing arm differed in upper extremity pitching kinematics and kinetics as well as ball velocity compared with pitchers with greater levels of glenohumeral ROM.
Cross-sectional study.
Laboratory.
Fifty-seven baseball pitchers (ages 18-24) were divided into either control (≥160° total arc) or lower ROM (<160° total arc) groups.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The mean glenohumeral ROM deficits, pitching kinematic and kinetic outcomes, and ball velocity were compared between groups.
The control group demonstrated significantly less deficit in total arc ROM between arms than the lower ROM (control: -1.5° ± 10.0°; lower ROM: -12.4° ± 13.9°; P < .001). While the lower ROM group displayed less maximal shoulder external rotation (ER) while pitching, the control group had significantly less difference in ROM between maximal shoulder ER while pitching and clinically measured ER (lower ROM: 64.4° ± 12.1°; control: 55.8° ± 16.6°; P = .025). The control group had significantly faster ball velocity than the lower ROM group (control: 85.0 ± 4.3 mph; lower ROM: 82.4 ± 4.8 mph; P = .024).
Pitchers with decreased total arc glenohumeral ROM (<160° total arc) may undergo overstretching toward ER in the shoulder during the late cocking phase. Pitchers with higher total arc ROM can pitch the same or faster ball without increasing loading in the upper extremity. Total arc glenohumeral ROM measurement can be a clinical screening tool to monitor shoulder condition over the time, and pitchers with limited total arc ROM might be at higher risk of shoulder injury.
棒球投手的上肢损伤会导致大量时间无法参赛和生活质量下降。虽然肩部活动范围（ROM）被报道为预防潜在损伤的关键因素，但尚不清楚盂肱关节 ROM 的限制如何影响投球生物力学，这可能导致上肢损伤。
研究与盂肱关节 ROM 较大的投手相比，投掷臂盂肱关节总弧 ROM 减小的投手在上肢投球运动学和动力学以及球速方面有何不同。
横断面研究。
实验室。
57 名棒球投手（年龄 18-24 岁）分为对照组（≥160°总弧）或较低 ROM 组（<160°总弧）。
比较两组间盂肱关节 ROM 缺陷、投球运动学和动力学结果以及球速。
对照组双侧上肢总弧 ROM 缺陷明显小于较低 ROM 组（对照组：-1.5°±10.0°；较低 ROM 组：-12.4°±13.9°；P<.001）。虽然较低 ROM 组在投球时的最大肩外展（ER）较小，但对照组在投球时的最大肩 ER 与临床测量的 ER 之间的差异明显较小（较低 ROM 组：64.4°±12.1°；对照组：55.8°±16.6°；P=.025）。对照组的球速明显快于较低 ROM 组（对照组：85.0±4.3 mph；较低 ROM 组：82.4±4.8 mph；P=.024）。
盂肱关节总弧 ROM 减小（<160°总弧）的投手在晚期扣球阶段可能在肩部经历 ER 过度伸展。总弧 ROM 较大的投手可投出相同或更快的球，而不会增加上肢的负荷。盂肱关节总弧 ROM 测量可以作为一种临床筛查工具，随时间监测肩部状况，总弧 ROM 受限的投手肩部受伤的风险可能更高。
