Zhang Zhining, Man Hanyang, Zhao Junchao, Huang Wendong, Huang Cheng, Jing Shengao, Luo Zhenyu, Zhao Xinyue, Chen Dawei, He Kebin, Liu Huan
State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 May 5;469:133928. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133928. Epub 2024 Mar 2.
How did the motorcycle emissions evolve during the economic development in China? To address data gaps, this study firstly measured the volatile organic compound (VOC) and intermediate-volatility organic compound (IVOC) emissions from motorcycles. The results confirmed that the emission control of motorcycles, especially small-displacement motorcycles, significantly lagged behind other gasoline-powered vehicles. For the China IV motorcycles, the average VOC and IVOC emission factors (EFs) were 2.74 and 7.78 times higher than the China V-VI light-duty gasoline vehicles, respectively. The notable high IVOC emissions were attributed to a dual influence from gasoline and lubricating oil. Furthermore, based on the complete EF dataset and economy-related activity data, a county-level emission inventory was developed in China. Motorcycle VOC and IVOC emissions changed from 2536.48 Gg and 197.19 Gg in 2006 to 594.21 Gg and 12.66 Gg in 2020, respectively. The absence of motorcycle IVOC emissions in the existed vehicular inventories led to an underestimation of up to 20%. Across the 15 years, the motorcycle VOC and IVOC emission hotspots were concentrated in the undeveloped regions, with the rural emissions reaching 5.81-10.14 times those of the urban emissions. This study provides the first-hand and close-to-realistic data to support motorcycle emission management and accurate air quality simulations.
在中国经济发展过程中，摩托车排放是如何演变的？为填补数据空白，本研究首先测量了摩托车的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）和中挥发性有机化合物（IVOC）排放。结果证实，摩托车尤其是小排量摩托车的排放控制明显落后于其他汽油动力车辆。对于国四摩托车，平均VOC和IVOC排放因子分别比国五至国六轻型汽油车高2.74倍和7.78倍。显著的高IVOC排放归因于汽油和润滑油的双重影响。此外，基于完整的排放因子数据集和与经济相关的活动数据，在中国编制了县级排放清单。摩托车VOC和IVOC排放分别从2006年的2536.48Gg和197.19Gg降至2020年的594.21Gg和12.66Gg。现有车辆排放清单中未包含摩托车IVOC排放，导致低估高达20%。在这15年中，摩托车VOC和IVOC排放热点集中在欠发达地区，农村排放量是城市排放量的5.81至10.14倍。本研究提供了第一手且接近实际的数据，以支持摩托车排放管理和准确的空气质量模拟。
