Hicks C G, Hargiss C O, Harris J R
Am J Infect Control. 1985 Feb;13(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/0196-6553(85)90002-1.
A 1974 prevalence survey of laboratory and dialysis employees identified 8.7% (4 of 46) with evidence of past hepatitis B infection. Since then increasing numbers of asymptomatic carriers have been admitted to University Hospital. Reports of exposures by employees have also increased. With the availability of a hepatitis B vaccine and the changes in patient population, a second prevalence survey was conducted to target employees at greatest risk for hepatitis B virus. Sixty-two percent (422 of 687) of high-risk employees who completed both blood work and questionnaires were study participants; 10.66% (45 of 422) had positive markers for hepatitis B virus. Laboratory personnel had the highest prevalence rate, 15% (25 of 164), whereas obstetric personnel had the lowest, 0% (0 of 52). Prevalence increased with age (chi 2 for linear trend, p = 0.000005), years of blood handling (p = 0.00003), work in a laboratory setting (p = 0.02), increasing numbers of puncture wounds from needles of patients with hepatitis B virus infection (p = 0.02), previous history of jaundice (p = 0.0003), and history of hepatitis (p = 0.000002).
1974年对实验室和透析部门员工进行的一项患病率调查发现，8.7%（46人中有4人）有既往乙肝感染证据。从那时起，越来越多的无症状携带者被收治入大学医院。员工暴露报告也有所增加。随着乙肝疫苗的可获得性以及患者群体的变化，进行了第二项患病率调查，以针对感染乙肝病毒风险最高的员工。完成血液检测和问卷调查的高危员工中有62%（687人中有422人）参与了研究；10.66%（422人中有45人）乙肝病毒标志物呈阳性。实验室人员患病率最高，为15%（164人中有25人），而产科人员患病率最低，为0%（52人中有0人）。患病率随年龄增加（线性趋势的卡方检验，p = 0.000005）、血液处理年限增加（p = 0.00003）、在实验室环境中工作（p = 0.02）、被乙肝病毒感染患者的针头刺伤次数增加（p = 0.02）、既往黄疸病史（p = 0.0003）以及肝炎病史（p = 0.000002）而升高。
