Al-Adham Ibrahim S I, Jaber Nisrein, Ali Agha Ahmed S A, Al-Remawi Mayyas, Al-Akayleh Faisal, Al-Muhtaseb Najah, Collier Phillip J
Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 961343, Jordan.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan.
J Appl Microbiol. 2024 Mar 1;135(3). doi: 10.1093/jambio/lxae055.
Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, is a severe diarrheal disease that necessitates prompt diagnosis and effective treatment. This review comprehensively examines various diagnostic methods, from traditional microscopy and culture to advanced nucleic acid testing like polymerase spiral reaction and rapid diagnostic tests, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Additionally, we explore evolving treatment strategies, with a focus on the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance due to the activation of the SOS response pathway in V. cholerae. We discuss promising alternative treatments, including low-pressure plasma sterilization, bacteriophages, and selenium nanoparticles. The paper emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary approaches combining novel diagnostics and treatments in managing and preventing cholera, a persistent global health challenge. The current re-emergent 7th pandemic of cholera commenced in 1961 and shows no signs of abeyance. This is probably due to the changing genetic profile of V. cholerae concerning bacterial pathogenic toxins. Given this factor, we argue that the disease is effectively re-emergent, particularly in Eastern Mediterranean countries such as Lebanon, Syria, etc. This review considers the history of the current pandemic, the genetics of the causal agent, and current treatment regimes. In conclusion, cholera remains a significant global health challenge that requires prompt diagnosis and effective treatment. Understanding the history, genetics, and current treatments is crucial in effectively addressing this persistent and re-emergent disease.
由霍乱弧菌引起的霍乱是一种严重的腹泻疾病，需要及时诊断和有效治疗。本综述全面研究了各种诊断方法，从传统的显微镜检查和培养到先进的核酸检测，如聚合酶链反应和快速诊断测试，突出了它们的优点和局限性。此外，我们探讨了不断发展的治疗策略，重点关注霍乱弧菌中SOS反应途径激活导致的抗生素耐药性所带来的挑战。我们讨论了有前景的替代治疗方法，包括低压等离子体灭菌、噬菌体和硒纳米颗粒。本文强调了在管理和预防霍乱（这一持续存在的全球健康挑战）中结合新型诊断和治疗方法的多学科方法的重要性。当前霍乱的第七次大流行于1961年开始，且没有消退的迹象。这可能是由于霍乱弧菌在细菌致病毒素方面不断变化的基因特征。鉴于此因素，我们认为该疾病实际上正在重新出现，特别是在黎巴嫩、叙利亚等东地中海国家。本综述考虑了当前大流行的历史、病原体的遗传学以及当前的治疗方案。总之，霍乱仍然是一个重大的全球健康挑战，需要及时诊断和有效治疗。了解其历史、遗传学和当前治疗方法对于有效应对这种持续存在且重新出现的疾病至关重要。
