Institute of Sports Science, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany.
Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich CCCLMU, Munich, Germany.
Front Public Health. 2024 Feb 21;12:1304721. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1304721. eCollection 2024.
Workplace health interventions aim to motivate employees toward healthy behaviors to improve fitness and health in the long-term. We investigated whether CrossFit® is an effective training concept to achieve these goals in inactive employees with sedentary occupations.
The study followed a prospective, controlled intervention design. Employees were invited to participate in intervention group (IG) or control group (CG) on their own preferences. Inclusion criteria were a predominantly sedentary occupation and execution of less than two muscle and/or mobility enhancing training sessions per week at the time of enrolling. The IG did at least two times a week a CrossFit training of 1 h. Mobility, strength, well-being, and back-issues were measured at the beginning, after 6, and 12 months. Participants in the CG were free to choose any other activities offered at the same time (e.g., circuit training, meditation, full body stability training). Adherence, respectively, behavioral change and maintenance qualities were evaluated based on the COM-B system and presence of behavior maintenance motives.
89 employees were enrolled into the trial, from where 21 dropped out due to external factors (24%). From the remaining participants, 10 out of 39 (26%) in the IG and 1 out of 29 (4%) in the CG stopped for intrinsic reasons, leading to a non-adherence to the intervention of 22 percentage points. Motivation for behavioral change and maintenance in the IG was primarily driven by enhanced physical and psychological capability. Development of physical capability was evident by significant improvements ( < 0.001) in the IG compared to the CG for mobility ( = 3.3), maximal isometric strength (min. = 1.7, max. = 2.5), as well as reduction in pain intensity ( = 0.003, = 0.4) and frequency ( = 0.009, = 0.35) after 12 months. Significant improvements between the 6-month and the 12-month measurement in mobility and 6 out of 8 strength measures within the IG indicated the effectiveness of CrossFit beyond the beginner phase.
CrossFit is a motivating training concept that led to long-term health and fitness improvements in inactive employees doing sedentary work and should be given greater consideration in workplace health promotion.
工作场所健康干预旨在激励员工采取健康行为，以提高长期健康水平。我们研究了 CrossFit 是否是一种有效的训练概念，以实现久坐职业的不活跃员工的这些目标。
该研究采用前瞻性、对照干预设计。根据个人意愿，员工被邀请参加干预组（IG）或对照组（CG）。纳入标准为主要从事久坐职业，且在登记时每周进行不到两次肌肉和/或运动增强训练。IG 每周至少进行两次 1 小时的 CrossFit 训练。在开始时、6 个月和 12 个月时测量活动能力、力量、幸福感和背部问题。CG 中的参与者可以自由选择同时提供的任何其他活动（例如，循环训练、冥想、全身稳定性训练）。根据 COM-B 系统和行为维持动机的存在，评估依从性、行为改变和维持质量。
共有 89 名员工参加了试验，其中 24%因外部因素（24%）退出。在剩余的参与者中，IG 中有 10 人（26%）因内在原因退出，CG 中有 1 人（4%）因内在原因退出，导致对干预措施的不依从率为 22 个百分点。IG 中行为改变和维持的动机主要是由增强的身体和心理能力驱动的。与 CG 相比，IG 在活动能力（ = 3.3）、最大等长力量（最小 = 1.7，最大 = 2.5）以及疼痛强度（ = 0.003， = 0.4）和频率（ = 0.009， = 0.35）方面的显著改善表明了 CrossFit 在初学者阶段之后的有效性。IG 中 6 个月和 12 个月测量的活动能力以及 8 项力量测量中的 6 项的显著改善表明 CrossFit 是一种激发动力的训练概念，它可以促进久坐工作的不活跃员工的长期健康和健身水平的提高，应该在工作场所健康促进中得到更多的考虑。
