Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
J Proteome Res. 2024 Aug 2;23(8):2700-2722. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00839. Epub 2024 Mar 7.
The mammalian cell is a complex entity, with membrane-bound and membrane-less organelles playing vital roles in regulating cellular homeostasis. Organellar protein niches drive discrete biological processes and cell functions, thus maintaining cell equilibrium. Cellular processes such as signaling, growth, proliferation, motility, and programmed cell death require dynamic protein movements between cell compartments. Aberrant protein localization is associated with a wide range of diseases. Therefore, analyzing the subcellular proteome of the cell can provide a comprehensive overview of cellular biology. With recent advancements in mass spectrometry, imaging technology, computational tools, and deep machine learning algorithms, studies pertaining to subcellular protein localization and their dynamic distributions are gaining momentum. These studies reveal changing interaction networks because of "moonlighting proteins" and serve as a discovery tool for disease network mechanisms. Consequently, this review aims to provide a comprehensive repository for recent advancements in subcellular proteomics subcontexting methods, challenges, and future perspectives for method developers. In summary, subcellular proteomics is crucial to the understanding of the fundamental cellular mechanisms and the associated diseases.
哺乳动物细胞是一种复杂的实体，其具有膜结合和无膜细胞器，这些细胞器在调节细胞内稳态方面起着至关重要的作用。细胞器蛋白龛驱动着不同的生物学过程和细胞功能，从而维持细胞平衡。细胞过程，如信号转导、生长、增殖、运动和程序性细胞死亡，需要细胞隔室之间的动态蛋白质运动。异常的蛋白质定位与广泛的疾病有关。因此，分析细胞的亚细胞蛋白质组可以提供对细胞生物学的全面概述。随着质谱、成像技术、计算工具和深度学习算法的最新进展，与亚细胞蛋白质定位及其动态分布相关的研究正在兴起。这些研究揭示了由于“兼职蛋白”而导致的不断变化的相互作用网络，并为疾病网络机制的发现工具提供了支持。因此，本综述旨在为亚细胞蛋白质组学亚环境方法的最新进展、方法开发人员面临的挑战和未来展望提供一个全面的知识库。总之，亚细胞蛋白质组学对于理解基本的细胞机制和相关疾病至关重要。
