Ran Ylva, Cederberg Christel, Jonell Malin, Bergman Kristina, De Boer Imke J M, Einarsson Rasmus, Karlsson Johan, Potter Hanna Karlsson, Martin Michael, Metson Geneviève S, Nemecek Thomas, Nicholas Kimberly A, Strand Åsa, Tidåker Pernilla, Van der Werf Hayo, Vanham Davy, Van Zanten Hannah H E, Verones Francesca, Röös Elin
Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Division of Physical Resource Theory, Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
Lancet Planet Health. 2024 Mar;8(3):e172-e187. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00006-8.
Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information. This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets. We then provide recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that use environmental assessments, such as health and nutrition experts, policy makers, decision makers, and private-sector and public-sector sustainability officers. We recommend that environmental assessment of diets should include indicators for at least the five following areas: climate change, biosphere integrity, blue water consumption, novel entities, and impacts on natural resources (especially wild fish stocks), to capture important environmental trade-offs. If more indicators can be handled in the assessment, indicators to capture impacts related to land use quantity and quality and green water consumption should be used. For ambitious assessments, indicators related to biogeochemical flows, stratospheric ozone depletion, and energy use can be added.
对饮食的环境绩效进行全面但可解释的评估，需要选择一组合适的指标。目前关于膳食食品来源的知识和数据缺口，限制了依赖特定地点信息的指标的使用。这篇个人观点总结了评估饮食环境绩效的常用指标，简要概述了它们的优缺点，并为参与包括饮食环境评估在内的活动的多个领域的行为者提供了指标选择建议。然后，我们为参与使用环境评估活动的多个领域的行为者提供指标选择建议，这些行为者包括健康和营养专家、政策制定者、决策者以及私营部门和公共部门的可持续发展官员。我们建议，饮食的环境评估应至少包括以下五个方面的指标：气候变化、生物圈完整性、蓝水消耗、新型实体以及对自然资源（特别是野生鱼类种群）的影响，以体现重要的环境权衡。如果评估中可以处理更多指标，则应使用能够体现与土地使用数量和质量以及绿水消耗相关影响的指标。对于雄心勃勃的评估，可以增加与生物地球化学流动、平流层臭氧消耗和能源使用相关的指标。
