Ningsih Diana S, Idroes Rinaldi, Bachtiar Boy M, Khairan Khairan, Tallei Trina E, Kemala Pati, Maulydia Nur B, Idroes Ghazi M, Helwani Zuchra
Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
Department of Dental Material, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
Narra J. 2023 Aug;3(2):e163. doi: 10.52225/narra.v3i2.163. Epub 2023 Jul 11.
Halitosis is caused by a bacterial proteolytic process that induces the production of volatile sulfur compounds, odor-causing gases. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical oral hygiene state and oral microbiome pattern of halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis. The oral hygiene state of halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis was assessed using the oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S), decay missing filled teeth (DMFT), and tongue biofilm. The dorsum of the tongue and subgingival swabs were cultured for bacteria, and bacterial morphology was evaluated using Gram staining. Evaluation of the bacterial genus using the Bergey's systematic bacteriology diagram as a guide. A total of ten patients with periodontitis and gingivitis were included. Our data indicated that the scores of OHI-S and DMFT were different significantly between halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis (both had <0.001) while tongue biofilm score was not different between groups. On the dorsum of the tongue, periodontitis patients had a significant higher oral microbiome population (85.65x10 CFU/mL) compared to those with gingivitis (0.047x10 CFU/mL) with =0.002. In contrast, the number of microbiomes in the subgingival had no significant different between periodontitis and gingivitis. On the dorsum of the tongue, six bacterial genera were isolated from periodontitis cases and seven genera were detected from gingivitis patients. On subgingival, 10 and 15 genera were identified from periodontitis and gingivitis, respectively. Fusobacterium, Propionibacterium, Eubacterium and Lactobacillus were the most prevalent among periodontitis cases while Porphyromonas was the most prevalent in gingivitis patients. In conclusion, although OHI-S and DMFT are different between periodontitis and gingivitis, overlapping of bacterial genera was detected between periodontitis and gingivitis cases.
口臭是由细菌蛋白水解过程引起的，该过程会诱导挥发性硫化合物（有气味的气体）的产生。本研究的目的是确定患有牙周炎和牙龈炎的口臭患者的临床口腔卫生状况和口腔微生物群模式。使用简化口腔卫生指数（OHI-S）、龋失补牙数（DMFT）和舌生物膜来评估患有牙周炎和牙龈炎的口臭患者的口腔卫生状况。对舌背和龈下拭子进行细菌培养，并使用革兰氏染色评估细菌形态。以《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》为指导评估细菌属。总共纳入了10名患有牙周炎和牙龈炎的患者。我们的数据表明，患有牙周炎和牙龈炎的口臭患者的OHI-S和DMFT评分存在显著差异（均P<0.001），而组间舌生物膜评分无差异。在舌背上，牙周炎患者的口腔微生物群数量（85.65×10 CFU/mL）显著高于牙龈炎患者（0.047×10 CFU/mL），P=0.002。相比之下，牙周炎和牙龈炎患者龈下微生物群数量无显著差异。在舌背上，从牙周炎病例中分离出6个细菌属，从牙龈炎患者中检测到7个属。在龈下，分别从牙周炎和牙龈炎中鉴定出10个和15个属。梭杆菌属、丙酸杆菌属、真杆菌属和乳杆菌属在牙周炎病例中最为常见，而卟啉单胞菌属在牙龈炎患者中最为常见。总之，虽然牙周炎和牙龈炎之间的OHI-S和DMFT不同，但在牙周炎和牙龈炎病例之间检测到细菌属的重叠。
