Niškanović Jelena, Stojisavljević Dragana, Stojisavljević Stela, Djikanovic Bosiljka, Manigoda Dijana
Public Health Institute of the Republic of Srpska Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Faculty of Medicine University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Food Sci Nutr. 2023 Dec 2;12(3):1616-1626. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3853. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Adoption of eating habits starts early in life, through interaction with family members and alongside preschool settings that offer context for developing healthy lifestyles among children. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions and practices of teachers and parents related to the development of healthy eating habits among preschool children. Focus groups were conducted with a total sample of 48 parents and teachers (three focus groups among parents and three among teachers) from 15 kindergartens in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, and Herzegovina. All of the mentioned kindergartens are part of the "Nutrition friendly preschool/school initiative", a program aimed at creating and developing settings that support and improve children's health. Focus groups were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed according to the Framework Method. Teachers emphasized that good communication and support from parents are important factors for the development of healthy eating habits. During COVID-19, direct communication with parents was restricted, and mutual activities among teachers, children, and parents were reduced. Lack of knowledge, finance, and time are perceived by parents as main obstacles to the improvement of children's healthy eating habits. All participants in the focus groups agreed that more education and informative material are needed so their skills related to good nutrition can be improved and adopted in a culture-sensitive way. Mutual support, education, and dissemination of informative materials are imposed as particularly important needs by all actors involved in the upbringing of children in order to support the development of children's healthy eating habits.
饮食习惯的养成在生命早期就开始了，通过与家庭成员的互动以及在学前教育环境中进行，这些环境为儿童培养健康的生活方式提供了背景。本研究的目的是探讨教师和家长对学前儿童健康饮食习惯养成的看法和做法。在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那斯普斯卡共和国的15所幼儿园中，对48名家长和教师（家长组3个焦点小组，教师组3个焦点小组）进行了焦点小组访谈。上述所有幼儿园都是“营养友好型学前教育/学校倡议”的一部分，该倡议旨在创建和发展支持并改善儿童健康的环境。焦点小组访谈进行了录音，逐字转录，并根据框架法进行了分析。教师强调，家长的良好沟通和支持是健康饮食习惯养成的重要因素。在新冠疫情期间，与家长的直接沟通受到限制，教师、儿童和家长之间的互动活动减少。家长认为缺乏知识、资金和时间是改善儿童健康饮食习惯的主要障碍。焦点小组的所有参与者都认为，需要更多的教育和信息材料，以便他们与良好营养相关的技能能够得到提高，并以文化敏感的方式被采用。相互支持、教育和信息材料的传播被参与儿童养育的所有行为者视为特别重要的需求，以支持儿童健康饮食习惯的养成。
