Haddad Pascale, Ogurtsova Katherine, Lucht Sarah, Glaubitz Lina, Höppe Peter, Nowak Dennis, Angerer Peter, Hoffmann Barbara
Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Real-World Evidence & Insights, Cardinal Health, Dublin, OH, United States.
Front Epidemiol. 2023 Nov 8;3:1278506. doi: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1278506. eCollection 2023.
Short-term exposure particulate matter with a diameter of 10 µm or less (PM) and fine particulate matter (PM) has been associated with heart rate variability (HRV), but exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) has been less well examined. We investigated the associations between the HRV outcomes and short-term exposure to UFP, PM and PM among school-aged children and seniors.
CorPuScula (Coronary, Pulmonary and Sanguis) is a longitudinal, repeated-measure panel study conducted in 2000-2002 in Munich, Germany including 52 seniors (58-94 years old) with 899 observations and 50 children (6-10 years old) with 925 observations. A 10-min resting electrocardiogram was performed to assess resting HRV outcomes [Standard Deviation of Normal to Normal Intervals (SDNN), Root Mean Square of Successive Differences between Normal Heartbeats (RMSSD), Low Frequency power (LF), High Frequency power (HF), ration between low and high frequency (LF/HF)]. UFP and PM exposures were measured near the care home and school yard for seniors and children, respectively. Mean exposures during the day of examination (9-21 h) as well as 3-h, 12-h, 24-h, one-day, and two-day lags were assessed. Linear mixed-effect models were used to investigate the associations between short-term air pollution and HRV outcomes separately in children and seniors. The models were adjusted for sex, age, weather conditions (temperature, precipitation, and water vapor pressure), BMI, lifestyle and medical information. Two and multipollutant models adjusted for NO and O were performed.
Among seniors, we observed increases in SDNN, LF, HF and LF/HF ratio after short-term exposure to UFP (hourly and daily lags) in contrast to decreases in SDNN and RMSSD after exposure to PM. Associations were generally robust to two- and multipollutant adjustment. Among children, we observed increases of the LF/HF ratio after short-term exposures to UFP at lags 12 and 24 h. In contrast, we observed decreases of the ratio after exposure to PM and PM. Results were largely unchanged for multipollutant modelling, however we found a more pronounced increase in SDNN and LF/HF (UFP lag 12 and 24 h) after adjusting for NO.
Overall, among seniors, we observed associations of UFP and PM exposure with sympathetic responses of the ANS, which play an important role in sudden heart attacks or arrhythmia. Among children we found more inconsistent associations between UFP and a delayed increase in HRV. Adjusting for co-pollutants including NO and O yielded robust results.
短期暴露于直径10微米及以下的颗粒物（PM）和细颗粒物与心率变异性（HRV）相关，但超细颗粒物（UFP）的暴露情况研究较少。我们调查了学龄儿童和老年人的HRV结果与短期暴露于UFP、PM和PM之间的关联。
CorPuScula（冠状动脉、肺和血液）是一项于2000 - 2002年在德国慕尼黑进行的纵向重复测量面板研究，包括52名老年人（58 - 94岁），有899次观察数据，以及50名儿童（6 - 10岁），有925次观察数据。进行10分钟静息心电图以评估静息HRV结果[正常到正常间期的标准差（SDNN）、正常心跳间连续差值的均方根（RMSSD）、低频功率（LF）、高频功率（HF）、低频与高频之比（LF/HF）]。分别在养老院和学校操场附近测量老年人和儿童的UFP和PM暴露。评估检查当天（9 - 21时）以及3小时、12小时、24小时、1天和2天滞后的平均暴露量。使用线性混合效应模型分别研究儿童和老年人短期空气污染与HRV结果之间的关联。模型对性别、年龄、天气状况（温度、降水和水汽压）、BMI、生活方式和医疗信息进行了调整。进行了调整NO和O的双污染物和多污染物模型。
在老年人中，我们观察到短期暴露于UFP（小时和每日滞后）后SDNN、LF、HF和LF/HF比值增加，而暴露于PM后SDNN和RMSSD降低。关联在双污染物和多污染物调整后通常很稳健。在儿童中，我们观察到在12小时和24小时滞后短期暴露于UFP后LF/HF比值增加。相比之下，我们观察到暴露于PM和PM后该比值降低。多污染物建模结果基本不变，然而在调整NO后，我们发现SDNN和LF/HF（UFP滞后12小时和24小时）有更明显的增加。
总体而言，在老年人中，我们观察到UFP和PM暴露与自主神经系统的交感反应相关，这在突发心脏病或心律失常中起重要作用。在儿童中，我们发现UFP与HRV延迟增加之间的关联更不一致。调整包括NO和O在内的共污染物产生了稳健的结果。
