Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16/18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, 400 005, India.
Adv Mater. 2024 Jun;36(23):e2312898. doi: 10.1002/adma.202312898. Epub 2024 Mar 8.
The sheet-like lipid bilayer is the fundamental structural component of all cell membranes. Its building blocks are phospholipids and cholesterol. Their amphiphilic structure spontaneously leads to the formation of a bilayer in aqueous environment. Lipids are not just structural elements. Individual lipid species, the lipid membrane structure, and lipid dynamics influence and regulate membrane protein function. An exciting field is emerging where the membrane-associated material properties of different bilayer systems are used in designing innovative solutions for widespread applications across various fields, such as the food industry, cosmetics, nano- and biomedicine, drug storage and delivery, biotechnology, nano- and biosensors, and computing. Here, the authors summarize what is known about how lipids determine the properties and functions of biological membranes and how this has been or can be translated into innovative applications. Based on recent progress in the understanding of membrane structure, dynamics, and physical properties, a perspective is provided on how membrane-controlled regulation of protein functions can extend current applications and even offer new applications.
片状的脂质双层是所有细胞膜的基本结构组成部分。其组成部分是磷脂和胆固醇。它们的两亲性结构自发地导致在水相环境中形成双层。脂质不仅是结构元件。单个脂质种类、脂质膜结构和脂质动力学影响和调节膜蛋白功能。一个令人兴奋的领域正在出现，其中不同双层系统的膜相关材料特性被用于设计创新解决方案，广泛应用于各个领域，如食品工业、化妆品、纳米和生物医学、药物储存和输送、生物技术、纳米和生物传感器以及计算。在这里，作者总结了关于脂质如何决定生物膜的性质和功能的已知内容，以及如何将其转化为创新应用。基于对膜结构、动力学和物理性质的理解的最新进展，提供了一种观点，即膜如何控制蛋白质功能的调节可以扩展当前的应用，甚至提供新的应用。
