Buchalska Barbara, Kamińska Katarzyna, Owe-Larsson Maja, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska Agnieszka
Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, Warsaw, 02097, Poland.
Pharmacol Rep. 2024 Apr;76(2):223-234. doi: 10.1007/s43440-024-00580-x. Epub 2024 Mar 8.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary malignant tumor of the nervous system. While the treatment of other neoplasms is increasingly more efficacious the median survival rate of GBM patients remains low and equals about 14 months. Due to this fact, there are intensive efforts to find drugs that would help combat GBM. Nowadays cannabinoids are becoming more and more important in the field of cancer and not only because of their properties of antiemetic drugs during chemotherapy. These compounds may have a direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Studies indicate GBM has disturbances in the endocannabinoid system-changes in cannabinoid metabolism as well as in the cannabinoid receptor expression. The GBM cells show expression of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1R and CB2R), which mediate various actions of cannabinoids. Through these receptors, cannabinoids inhibit the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells, along with changing their morphology. Cannabinoids also induce an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in the tumor. Hence the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of GBM may be beneficial to the patients. So far, studies focusing on using cannabinoids in GBM therapy are mainly preclinical and involve cell lines and mice. The results are promising and show cannabinoids inhibit GBM growth. Several clinical studies are also being carried out. The preliminary results show good tolerance of cannabinoids and prolonged survival after administration of these drugs. In this review, we describe the impact of cannabinoids on GBM and glioma cells in vitro and in animal studies. We also provide overview of clinical trials on using cannabinoids in the treatment of GBM.
胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是最常见的原发性神经系统恶性肿瘤。虽然其他肿瘤的治疗效果越来越显著，但GBM患者的中位生存率仍然很低，约为14个月。鉴于这一事实，人们正在大力寻找有助于对抗GBM的药物。如今，大麻素在癌症领域正变得越来越重要，这不仅是因为它们在化疗期间具有止吐药物的特性。这些化合物可能对癌细胞具有直接的细胞毒性作用。研究表明，GBM在内源性大麻素系统存在紊乱——大麻素代谢以及大麻素受体表达发生变化。GBM细胞显示出大麻素受体1和2（CB1R和CB2R）的表达，它们介导大麻素的各种作用。通过这些受体，大麻素抑制GBM细胞的增殖和侵袭，并改变其形态。大麻素还可诱导肿瘤细胞内的凋亡途径。因此，使用大麻素治疗GBM可能对患者有益。到目前为止，专注于在GBM治疗中使用大麻素的研究主要是临床前研究，涉及细胞系和小鼠。结果很有前景，表明大麻素可抑制GBM生长。也正在进行几项临床研究。初步结果显示大麻素耐受性良好，给药后生存期延长。在这篇综述中，我们描述了大麻素在体外和动物研究中对GBM和胶质瘤细胞的影响。我们还概述了使用大麻素治疗GBM的临床试验情况。
