Skrbek Ladislav, Schmoranzer David, Sreenivasan Katepalli R
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 121 16, Czech Republic.
Department of Physics, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY 11201.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Mar 19;121(12):e2302256121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2302256121. Epub 2024 Mar 8.
Transition from laminar to turbulent states of classical viscous fluids is complex and incompletely understood. Transition to quantum turbulence (QT), by which we mean the turbulent motion of quantum fluids such as helium II, whose physical properties depend on quantum physics in some crucial respects, is naturally more complex. This increased complexity arises from superfluidity, quantization of circulation, and, at finite temperatures below the critical, the two-fluid behavior. Transition to QT could involve, as an initial step, the transition of the classical component, or the intrinsic or extrinsic nucleation of quantized vortices in the superfluid component, or a simultaneous occurrence of both scenarios-and the subsequent interconnected evolution. In spite of the multiplicity of scenarios, aspects of transition to QT can be understood at a phenomenological level on the basis of some general principles, and compared meaningfully with transition in classical flows.
经典粘性流体从层流状态转变为湍流状态是复杂的，人们对此尚未完全理解。向量子湍流（QT）的转变自然更为复杂，这里所说的量子湍流是指诸如氦 II 等量子流体的湍流运动，其物理性质在某些关键方面取决于量子物理学。这种复杂性的增加源于超流性、环流的量子化，以及在低于临界温度的有限温度下的双流体行为。向量子湍流的转变作为初始步骤，可能涉及经典组分的转变、超流组分中量子化涡旋的本征或非本征成核，或者这两种情况同时发生，以及随后的相互关联的演化。尽管存在多种情况，但基于一些一般原理，在现象学层面上可以理解向量子湍流转变的各个方面，并能与经典流动中的转变进行有意义的比较。
