Rafeletou Alexandra, Niemi Jenni Viivi Linnea, Lagunas-Rangel Francisco Alejandro, Liu Wen, Kudłak Błażej, Schiöth Helgi B
Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 10;928:170999. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170999. Epub 2024 Mar 6.
Substances that can absorb sunlight and harmful UV radiation such as organic UV filters are widely used in cosmetics and other personal care products. Since humans use a wide variety of chemicals for multiple purposes it is common for UV filters to co-occur with other substances either in human originating specimens or in the environment. There is increasing interest in understanding such co-occurrence in form of potential synergy, antagonist, or additive effects of biological systems. This review focuses on the collection of data about the simultaneous occurrence of UV filters oxybenzone (OXYB), ethylexyl-methoxycinnamate (EMC) and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) as well as other classes of chemicals (such as pesticides, bisphenols, and parabens) to understand better any such interactions considering synergy, additive effect and antagonism. Our analysis identified >20 different confirmed synergies in 11 papers involving 16 compounds. We also highlight pathways (such as transcriptional activation of estrogen receptor, promotion of estradiol synthesis, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and upregulation of thyroid-hormone synthesis) and proteins (such as Membrane Associated Progesterone Receptor (MAPR), cytochrome P450, and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70)) that can act as important key nodes for such potential interactions. This article aims to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms on how commonly used UV filters act and may interact with other chemicals.
能够吸收阳光和有害紫外线辐射的物质，如有机紫外线过滤剂，广泛应用于化妆品和其他个人护理产品中。由于人类出于多种目的使用各种各样的化学物质，紫外线过滤剂在人类来源的样本或环境中与其他物质同时出现是很常见的。人们越来越关注以生物系统的潜在协同、拮抗或加和作用形式来理解这种同时出现的情况。本综述重点收集了有关紫外线过滤剂氧苯酮（OXYB）、乙基己基甲氧基肉桂酸酯（EMC）和4-甲基亚苄基樟脑（4-MBC）以及其他类化学物质（如农药、双酚和对羟基苯甲酸酯）同时出现的数据，以便更好地理解考虑协同、加和作用和拮抗作用的任何此类相互作用。我们的分析在涉及16种化合物的11篇论文中确定了20多种不同的已证实的协同作用。我们还强调了一些途径（如雌激素受体的转录激活、雌二醇合成的促进、下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴以及甲状腺激素合成的上调）和蛋白质（如膜相关孕酮受体（MAPR）、细胞色素P450和热休克蛋白70（Hsp70）），它们可能是此类潜在相互作用的重要关键节点。本文旨在深入了解常用紫外线过滤剂的作用方式以及它们可能与其他化学物质相互作用的分子机制。
