Root canal systems present a varied morphological conformation for each group of teeth. Several authors have described the anatomical conformation and its variants in different classifications, including the main, collateral, lateral, secondary, accessory, interduct, recurrent, apical delta and interradicular cavus canals. Currently, radiology still does not allow visualization of all these structures. However, proper use of imaging techniques together with the use of new 3D equipment for adjustments of acquisition parameters with adequate software and algorithms allows greater image precision, facilitating diagnosis and the planning of the most adequate approach for endodontic treatments. The objective of this article was to conduct a review of the literature to identify new concepts and useful imaging tools for better diagnoses.