Yudanova S S, Dorogina O V, Vasilyeva O Yu
Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. 2024 Feb;28(1):55-62. doi: 10.18699/vjgb-24-07.
The breeding of remontant rose cultivars that are resistant to diseases and adverse conditions, with high decorative value and continuous flowering is the most important task during work with the gene pool of garden roses. Currently, intercultivar hybridization within a single garden group has largely outlived its usefulness. It is necessary to breed for highly decorative forms or cultivars that have outstanding resistance, morphological characters and patterns of seasonal rhythms, and use these plants as parental forms in further breeding. This study represents a comparative analysis of rose cultivars from two garden groups, Grandiflora (Gurzuf, Lezginka, Korallovy Syurpriz, Queen Elizabeth, Komsomolsky Ogonyok, Love) and Rosa Kordesii (Letniye Zvyozdy, Dortmund, Gutsulochka). These cultivars proved themselves during many years of testing in harsh climatic conditions. The objectives of the study were to determine the genetic relationship within the groups and to assign phenotypically different cultivars to one or another garden group. The analysis was carried out by morphological, phenological and ISSR markers. According to the phenological observations on the Grandiflora cultivars, Komsomolsky Ogonyok had later budding and flowering stages. Polymorphic data generated from the ISSR markers showed that this cultivar was the most distant from the others and formed a separate cluster on the dendrogram. A comparison of the morphological characters (flower diameter, number of petals, peduncle length, bush height) showed a significant difference ( p < 0.05) between Komsomolsky Ogonyok and the other Grandiflora cultivars. A dendrogram based on a molecular analysis showed a lack of close relationships between Komsomolsky Ogonyok and the Kordesii group, which formed a separate cluster. A pairwise comparison of the morphological characters in Komsomolsky Ogonyok with the Kordesii group revealed a significant ( p <0.05) difference in three of the four characters studied. The exceptions were flower diameter when comparing with Dortmund and Letniye Zvyozdy and peduncle length when comparing with Gutsulochka. Although Komsomolsky Ogonyok has a pattern of seasonal development similar to Dortmund in the Kordesii group, the molecular analysis did not assign the former to this group of roses. The cultivars that have valuable characters that no average rose does and that are phenotypically different from such roses represent the most valuable breeding material.
培育抗病且耐逆境、具有高观赏价值且能连续开花的四季玫瑰品种，是蔷薇属植物基因库研究工作中的最重要任务。目前，单一蔷薇类群内的品种间杂交在很大程度上已不再有用。有必要培育出具有卓越抗性、形态特征和季节性节律模式的高观赏性品种，并将这些植株用作进一步育种的亲本。本研究对来自两个蔷薇类群的玫瑰品种进行了比较分析，这两个类群分别是大花蔷薇类群（古祖夫、列兹金卡、珊瑚惊喜、伊丽莎白女王、共青团火花、爱）和科德斯蔷薇（夏日星辰、多特蒙德、古苏洛克卡）。这些品种在多年的恶劣气候条件测试中表现出色。本研究的目的是确定类群内的遗传关系，并将表型不同的品种归入某一个蔷薇类群。分析通过形态学、物候学和ISSR标记进行。根据对大花蔷薇类群品种的物候观测，共青团火花的萌芽和开花阶段较晚。ISSR标记产生的多态性数据表明，该品种与其他品种的亲缘关系最远，在聚类图上形成了一个单独的簇。对形态特征（花径、花瓣数、花梗长度、株高）的比较显示，共青团火花与其他大花蔷薇类群品种之间存在显著差异（p<0.05）。基于分子分析的聚类图显示，共青团火花与形成单独一簇的科德斯蔷薇类群之间缺乏密切关系。对共青团火花与科德斯蔷薇类群的形态特征进行两两比较发现，在所研究的四个特征中有三个存在显著差异（p<0.05）。例外情况是，与多特蒙德和夏日星辰比较时的花径，以及与古苏洛克卡比较时的花梗长度。尽管共青团火花在季节性发育模式上与科德斯蔷薇类群中的多特蒙德相似，但分子分析并未将前者归入该蔷薇类群。具有普通玫瑰所没有的宝贵特征且在表型上与普通玫瑰不同的品种，是最有价值的育种材料。
