Center for Evaluation and Survey Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Master's and Doctoral Program in Medical, Odontological and Health Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
Public Health Nutr. 2024 Mar 11;27(1):e97. doi: 10.1017/S1368980024000648.
To assess trends in the dietary quality of Mexican adolescents from 2006 to 2018, both overall and by sociodemographic indicators, using adaptations of the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health (PH) recommendations, optimal intake estimated by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and 2015 Mexican Dietary Guidelines (MDG) in nationally representative samples.
Using dietary data from a semi-quantitative FFQ, dietary quality indexes were constructed as adaptations of three dietary intake recommendations. Trends in adherence to recommendations were evaluated with multivariate quantile regression models with survey year as the main independent variable and adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, dwelling area, geographical region, household assets condition, and student/non-student status. values and CI were Bonferroni-corrected.
Mexico.
Non-pregnant or lactating adolescents aged 12-19 years ( 16 520).
Adherence to the PH index was about 40 %, GBD was nearly 35 % and MDG was about 37 %. The lowest adherences were for added sugars, sugar-sweetened beverages, nuts and seeds, red meats, processed meats, and legumes (<28 %). No 2006-2018 trends in total adherence were found in any index. Nevertheless, negative adherence trends were identified for poultry ( = -2·4), and saturated fats ( = -0·93), and positive for unsaturated oils ( = 1·23), in the PH. In MDG, relevant trends were found for plain water ( = 1·63) and foods rich in fats ( = -1·24).
Mexican adolescents have demonstrated poor dietary quality by these three approaches. Therefore, this population has a high-risk profile for diet-associated chronic diseases. Further research and appropriate public policies are needed.
使用半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）中的饮食数据，评估 2006 年至 2018 年墨西哥青少年的饮食质量趋势，包括根据适应《柳叶刀行星健康（PH）计划》建议、全球疾病负担（GBD）估计的最佳摄入量以及 2015 年墨西哥饮食指南（MDG）的总体情况和按社会人口学指标进行的分类。
采用半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）中的饮食数据，构建了三种饮食摄入建议的适应指数。使用多元分位数回归模型评估对建议的依从趋势，将调查年份作为主要自变量，调整年龄、性别、能量摄入、居住区域、地理区域、家庭资产状况和学生/非学生身份。 值和 CI 采用 Bonferroni 校正。
墨西哥。
12-19 岁的非妊娠或哺乳期青少年（16520 人）。
PH 指数的依从率约为 40%，GBD 接近 35%，MDG 约为 37%。最低的依从率是添加糖、含糖饮料、坚果和种子、红色肉类、加工肉类和豆类（<28%）。任何指数都没有发现 2006-2018 年总依从率的趋势。然而，在 PH 中，家禽（ = -2.4）和饱和脂肪（ = -0.93）的依从率呈负趋势，不饱和油（ = 1.23）的依从率呈正趋势。在 MDG 中，发现与普通水（ = 1.63）和富含脂肪的食物（ = -1.24）相关的趋势。
这三种方法均表明墨西哥青少年的饮食质量较差。因此，该人群具有与饮食相关的慢性疾病的高风险特征。需要进一步研究和适当的公共政策。
