Qu Xinjing, Li Xiaogang, Bardgett Richard D, Kuzyakov Yakov, Revillini Daniel, Sonne Christian, Xia Changlei, Ruan Honghua, Liu Yurong, Cao Fuliang, Reich Peter B, Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel
Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Mar 26;121(13):e2318475121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2318475121. Epub 2024 Mar 11.
Deforestation poses a global threat to biodiversity and its capacity to deliver ecosystem services. Yet, the impacts of deforestation on soil biodiversity and its associated ecosystem services remain virtually unknown. We generated a global dataset including 696 paired-site observations to investigate how native forest conversion to other land uses affects soil properties, biodiversity, and functions associated with the delivery of multiple ecosystem services. The conversion of native forests to plantations, grasslands, and croplands resulted in higher bacterial diversity and more homogeneous fungal communities dominated by pathogens and with a lower abundance of symbionts. Such conversions also resulted in significant reductions in carbon storage, nutrient cycling, and soil functional rates related to organic matter decomposition. Responses of the microbial community to deforestation, including bacterial and fungal diversity and fungal guilds, were predominantly regulated by changes in soil pH and total phosphorus. Moreover, we found that soil fungal diversity and functioning in warmer and wetter native forests is especially vulnerable to deforestation. Our work highlights that the loss of native forests to managed ecosystems poses a major global threat to the biodiversity and functioning of soils and their capacity to deliver ecosystem services.
森林砍伐对生物多样性及其提供生态系统服务的能力构成全球威胁。然而，森林砍伐对土壤生物多样性及其相关生态系统服务的影响实际上仍不为人知。我们生成了一个全球数据集，其中包括696个配对地点的观测数据，以研究原生森林转变为其他土地用途如何影响土壤性质、生物多样性以及与多种生态系统服务提供相关的功能。原生森林转变为种植园、草地和农田导致细菌多样性增加，真菌群落更加同质化，以病原体为主，共生体丰度较低。这种转变还导致碳储存、养分循环以及与有机质分解相关的土壤功能速率显著降低。微生物群落对森林砍伐的反应，包括细菌和真菌多样性以及真菌类群，主要受土壤pH值和总磷变化的调节。此外，我们发现，在温暖湿润的原生森林中，土壤真菌多样性和功能尤其容易受到森林砍伐的影响。我们的研究突出表明，原生森林转变为人工管理的生态系统对土壤的生物多样性和功能及其提供生态系统服务的能力构成重大全球威胁。
