Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Affiliation, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
Cells. 2020 May 11;9(5):1193. doi: 10.3390/cells9051193.
The concept of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) includes both conventional natural killer (NK) cells and helper ILCs, which resemble CD8 killer T cells and CD4 helper T cells in acquired immunity, respectively. Conventional NK cells are migratory cytotoxic cells that find tumor cells or cells infected with microbes. Helper ILCs are localized at peripheral tissue and are responsible for innate helper-cytokine production. Helper ILCs are classified into three subpopulations: T1-like ILC1s, T2-like ILC2s, and T17/T22-like ILC3s. Because of the functional similarities between ILCs and T cells, ILCs can serve as an innate component that augments each corresponding type of acquired immunity. However, the physiological functions of ILCs are more plastic and complicated than expected and are affected by environmental cues and types of inflammation. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the interaction between ILCs and acquired immunity, including T- and B-cell responses at various conditions. Immune suppressive activities by ILCs in particular are discussed in comparison to their immune stimulatory effects to gain precise knowledge of ILC biology and the physiological relevance of ILCs in human diseases.
先天淋巴细胞（ILCs）的概念包括传统的自然杀伤（NK）细胞和辅助性 ILCs，它们分别类似于获得性免疫中的 CD8 杀伤性 T 细胞和 CD4 辅助性 T 细胞。传统的 NK 细胞是迁移性细胞毒性细胞，能够发现肿瘤细胞或被微生物感染的细胞。辅助性 ILCs 定位于外周组织，负责先天辅助细胞因子的产生。辅助性 ILCs 分为三个亚群：T1 样 ILC1、T2 样 ILC2 和 T17/T22 样 ILC3。由于 ILCs 和 T 细胞之间的功能相似性，ILCs 可以作为一种先天成分，增强每种相应类型的获得性免疫。然而，ILCs 的生理功能比预期的更加灵活和复杂，并且受到环境线索和炎症类型的影响。在这里，我们回顾了对 ILCs 与获得性免疫之间相互作用的理解的最新进展，包括在各种条件下 T 细胞和 B 细胞的反应。特别讨论了 ILCs 的免疫抑制活性与其免疫刺激作用的比较，以获得对 ILC 生物学和 ILCs 在人类疾病中的生理相关性的精确认识。
