Xue Kaming, Mi Bobin
Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Mar 7;19:2377-2393. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S452393. eCollection 2024.
Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) present a formidable global health challenge, characterized by a deficiency of effective treatment options. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), recognized as multifunctional drug delivery systems in biomedicine, have gained accumulative interest. Specifically, engineered EVs have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for targeted drug delivery, potentially addressing the complexities of CKD management. In this review, we systematically dissect EVs, elucidating their classification, biogenesis, composition, and cargo molecules. Furthermore, we explore techniques for EV engineering and strategies for their precise renal delivery, focusing on cargo loading and transportation, providing a comprehensive perspective. Moreover, this review also discusses and summarizes the diverse therapeutic applications of engineered EVs in CKD, emphasizing their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, renoprotective, and tissue-regenerating effects. It critically evaluates the challenges and limitations in translating EV therapies from laboratory settings to clinical applications, while outlining future prospects and emerging trends.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）是一项严峻的全球健康挑战，其特点是缺乏有效的治疗选择。细胞外囊泡（EVs）在生物医学中被认为是多功能药物递送系统，已越来越受到关注。具体而言，工程化细胞外囊泡已成为一种有前景的靶向药物递送治疗方法，有可能解决CKD管理的复杂性问题。在本综述中，我们系统地剖析了细胞外囊泡，阐明了它们的分类、生物发生、组成和货物分子。此外，我们探索了细胞外囊泡工程技术及其精确肾脏递送策略，重点关注货物装载和运输，提供了一个全面的视角。此外，本综述还讨论并总结了工程化细胞外囊泡在CKD中的各种治疗应用，强调了它们的抗炎、免疫调节、肾脏保护和组织再生作用。它批判性地评估了将细胞外囊泡疗法从实验室环境转化为临床应用所面临的挑战和局限性，同时概述了未来前景和新趋势。
