Ishii Miho, Ito Wakako, Karube Yuki, Ogawa Yuko, Tagawa Anna, Maeda Shunta, Sato Hideki, Takahashi Toru, Inomata Natsumi, Narisawa Hajime, Takaesu Yoshikazu, Watanabe Koichiro, Okajima Isa
Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan.
Senzoku Stress Coping Support Office, Tokyo, Japan.
Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2021 Nov 10;20(2):173-180. doi: 10.1007/s41105-021-00351-8. eCollection 2022 Apr.
Although adult patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have sleep problems, few studies have verified the effect of a psychological approach specific to sleep-wake rhythms on these sleep disturbances. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to develop a trans-diagnostic approach with sleep scheduling and regularity of sleep duration as core modules, and to examine the effect of the intervention in adult ADHD and/or ASD subjects with sleep disturbances. This was a within-group pilot study. Ten patients with adult ADHD and/or ASD with sleep disturbances (10 males, age: 27.4 ± 5.6 years) took part in a 90-min weekly group intervention for 5 weeks. All participants were assessed on scales for sleep complaints, anxiety, depression, and symptoms of ADHD and ASD before and after the intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. The results showed that the intervention significantly improved sleep disturbances at post-intervention ( = 0.003, = 1.30, 95% CI 0.31-2.28) and at the 3-month follow-up ( = 0.035, = 0.41, 95% CI - 0.48 to 1.30). In addition, attention switching for ASD symptoms was significantly reduced post-intervention ( = 0.031, = 1.16, 95% CI 0.19-2.13). This is the first pilot study of a trans-diagnostic group approach for adult ADHD and/or ASD with sleep disturbances. The intervention primarily led to an improvement of sleep disturbances, followed by improvement of disease-specific symptoms in adult subjects with ADHD and ASD.
尽管患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的成年患者经常存在睡眠问题，但很少有研究证实针对睡眠 - 觉醒节律的心理方法对这些睡眠障碍的影响。因此，这项初步研究的目的是开发一种以睡眠时间表和睡眠时间规律为核心模块的跨诊断方法，并研究该干预措施对患有睡眠障碍的成年ADHD和/或ASD受试者的效果。这是一项组内初步研究。10名患有成年ADHD和/或ASD且有睡眠障碍的患者（10名男性，年龄：27.4±5.6岁）参加了为期5周、每周90分钟的小组干预。在干预前后以及3个月随访时，对所有参与者进行了睡眠投诉、焦虑、抑郁以及ADHD和ASD症状的量表评估。结果显示，干预后（ = 0.003， = 1.30，95% CI 0.31 - 2.28）和3个月随访时（ = 0.035， = 0.41，95% CI - 0.48至1.30），睡眠障碍均有显著改善。此外，干预后ASD症状的注意力转换显著降低（ = 0.031， = 1.16，95% CI 0.19 - 2.13）。这是第一项针对患有睡眠障碍的成年ADHD和/或ASD的跨诊断小组方法的初步研究。该干预主要导致睡眠障碍得到改善，其次是患有ADHD和ASD的成年受试者的疾病特异性症状得到改善。
