University of Exeter Medical School, 2.05 South Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2024 Jun 19;24(1):751. doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-11188-5.
Current research suggests that people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at higher risk of physical and mental health disorders. This study aimed to explore these health risks in ADHD from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders.
This study forms part of the 'Managing young people with ADHD in Primary care (MAP) study'. A survey developed by the study team was distributed to over 16 year olds with ADHD, their supporters, primary healthcare professionals and health commissioners across England, via social media and through patient/clinical networks (September-October 2022). This survey contained two questions on health risks. Question one asked about views on health risks in ADHD (free text). Question two asked about advice given (options list and free text). Descriptive statistics summarised responses to questions one and two, and qualitative analysis (reflexive thematic analysis) was used to explore free text responses from question one.
782 participants responded to the MAP survey. Of these, 206 healthcare professionals, 157 people with ADHD and 88 supporters answered question one. The most mentioned perceived risks were substance misuse, sleep disorders, weight management and smoking. More people with ADHD reported disordered eating as a health risk (n = 32) than healthcare professionals (n = 5). Generated themes included perceived health risks, impact of living with ADHD, lack of adequate healthcare, and need for ADHD awareness. In respect to advice given (question two), based on responses from 258 professionals, 162 people with ADHD and 100 supporters, the most common advice discussed in consultation was mental health (n = 149, n = 50 and n = 17 respectively). High numbers of respondents reported not giving/receiving advice on wider health (n = 38, n = 88 and n = 61 respectively).
Findings demonstrate that respondents perceived a range of physical and mental health risks posed by ADHD. These related to difficulties with activities of daily living, as well as healthcare interactions and the impact of core features of ADHD (e.g. impulsivity, emotional dysregulation). These risks are not currently explicitly addressed in United Kingdom national guidance on ADHD. More work is needed to examine and address the broader health outcomes of people with ADHD.
目前的研究表明，患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的人患身心障碍的风险更高。本研究旨在从多个利益相关者的角度探讨 ADHD 的这些健康风险。
本研究是“初级保健中管理 ADHD 青少年（MAP）研究”的一部分。研究小组制定的一份调查问卷通过社交媒体和患者/临床网络分发给英格兰的 ADHD 青少年及其支持者、初级保健专业人员和卫生专员（2022 年 9 月至 10 月）。该调查问卷包含两个关于健康风险的问题。问题一询问对 ADHD 健康风险的看法（自由文本）。问题二询问给出的建议（选项列表和自由文本）。对问题一和问题二的回答进行描述性统计，并对问题一的自由文本回答进行定性分析（反思性主题分析）。
共有 782 名参与者对 MAP 调查做出了回应。其中，206 名保健专业人员、157 名 ADHD 患者和 88 名支持者回答了问题一。最常提到的风险包括药物滥用、睡眠障碍、体重管理和吸烟。报告饮食紊乱为健康风险的 ADHD 患者多于保健专业人员（分别为 32 名和 5 名）。生成的主题包括感知健康风险、与 ADHD 共存的影响、缺乏足够的医疗保健以及对 ADHD 认识的需要。关于所给建议（问题二），根据 258 名专业人员、162 名 ADHD 患者和 100 名支持者的回答，在咨询中讨论最多的建议是心理健康（分别为 149 名、50 名和 17 名）。许多受访者报告称，他们没有就更广泛的健康问题提供或接受建议（分别为 38 名、88 名和 61 名）。
研究结果表明，受访者认为 ADHD 带来了一系列身心健康风险。这些风险与日常生活活动困难以及医疗保健互动和 ADHD 核心特征的影响有关（例如，冲动、情绪失调）。目前，英国 ADHD 国家指南并未明确针对这些风险。需要进一步研究和解决 ADHD 患者的更广泛健康结果。
