Lis Paweł, Rajzer Marek, Klima Łukasz
1st Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Feb 22;12(5):520. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12050520.
The prevalence of calcium deposits in coronary arteries grows with age. Risk factors include, e.g., diabetes and chronic kidney disease. There are several underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of calcium deposition. Severe calcification increases the complexity of percutaneous coronary interventions. Invasive techniques to modify the calcified atherosclerotic plaque before stenting have been developed over the last years. They include balloon- and non-balloon-based techniques. Rotational atherectomy has been the most common technique to treat calcified lesions but new techniques are emerging (orbital atherectomy, intravascular lithotripsy, laser atherectomy). The use of intravascular imaging (intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography) is especially important during the procedures in order to choose the optimal strategy and to assess the final effect of the procedure. This review provides an overview of the role of coronary calcification for percutaneous coronary interventions.
冠状动脉中钙沉积的患病率随年龄增长而增加。风险因素包括糖尿病和慢性肾病等。钙沉积有几种潜在的病理生理机制。严重钙化增加了经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的复杂性。在过去几年中，已经开发出在支架置入前改变钙化动脉粥样硬化斑块的侵入性技术。它们包括基于球囊和非球囊的技术。旋磨术一直是治疗钙化病变最常用的技术，但新技术也不断涌现（轨道旋磨术、血管内碎石术、激光消斑术）。在手术过程中，使用血管内成像（血管内超声和光学相干断层扫描）尤为重要，以便选择最佳策略并评估手术的最终效果。本综述概述了冠状动脉钙化在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的作用。
