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常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾病:肾外表现。

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Extrarenal Involvement.

机构信息

Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy.

Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 22;25(5):2554. doi: 10.3390/ijms25052554.

Abstract

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disorder, but kidneys are not the only organs involved in this systemic disorder. Individuals with the condition may display additional manifestations beyond the renal system, involving the liver, pancreas, and brain in the context of cystic manifestations, while involving the vascular system, gastrointestinal tract, bones, and cardiac valves in the context of non-cystic manifestations. Despite kidney involvement remaining the main feature of the disease, thanks to longer survival, early diagnosis, and better management of kidney-related problems, a new wave of complications must be faced by clinicians who treated patients with ADPKD. Involvement of the liver represents the most prevalent extrarenal manifestation and has growing importance in the symptom burden and quality of life. Vascular abnormalities are a key factor for patients' life expectancy and there is still debate whether to screen or not to screen all patients. Arterial hypertension is often the earliest onset symptom among ADPKD patients, leading to frequent cardiovascular complications. Although cardiac valvular abnormalities are a frequent complication, they rarely lead to relevant problems in the clinical history of polycystic patients. One of the newest relevant aspects concerns bone disorders that can exert a considerable influence on the clinical course of these patients. This review aims to provide the "state of the art" among the extrarenal manifestation of ADPKD.

摘要

常染色体显性遗传多囊肾病(ADPKD)是最常见的遗传性肾脏疾病,但肾脏并不是这种全身性疾病涉及的唯一器官。患有这种疾病的人除了肾脏系统外,还可能在肝脏、胰腺和大脑出现额外的表现,表现为囊性病变;也可能在血管系统、胃肠道、骨骼和心脏瓣膜出现非囊性病变。尽管肾脏受累仍然是这种疾病的主要特征,但由于生存时间延长、早期诊断和肾脏相关问题的更好管理,治疗 ADPKD 患者的临床医生必须面对新一波并发症。肝脏受累是最常见的肾脏外表现,其对症状负担和生活质量的影响越来越大。血管异常是影响患者预期寿命的关键因素,目前仍存在是否应该对所有患者进行筛查的争议。动脉高血压是 ADPKD 患者最早出现的症状之一,导致经常发生心血管并发症。尽管心脏瓣膜异常是常见的并发症,但在多囊患者的临床病史中很少导致相关问题。最新的一个相关方面涉及骨骼疾病,这些骨骼疾病可能对这些患者的临床病程产生相当大的影响。本文旨在提供 ADPKD 肾脏外表现的“最新进展”。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5d88/10932244/1cdae20c08a1/ijms-25-02554-g001.jpg

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