Scarian Eveljn, Viola Camilla, Dragoni Francesca, Di Gerlando Rosalinda, Rizzo Bartolo, Diamanti Luca, Gagliardi Stella, Bordoni Matteo, Pansarasa Orietta
Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 26;25(5):2698. doi: 10.3390/ijms25052698.
Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are two important and well-studied pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Due to elevated oxygen consumption, the high presence of easily oxidizable polyunsaturated fatty acids and the weak antioxidant defenses, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative injury. Uncertainty exists over whether these deficits contribute to the development of NDDs or are solely a consequence of neuronal degeneration. Furthermore, these two pathological hallmarks are linked, and it is known that OS can affect the inflammatory response. In this review, we will overview the last findings about these two pathways in the principal NDDs. Moreover, we will focus more in depth on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to understand how anti-inflammatory and antioxidants drugs have been used for the treatment of this still incurable motor neuron (MN) disease. Finally, we will analyze the principal past and actual clinical trials and the future perspectives in the study of these two pathological mechanisms.
氧化应激（OS）和炎症是神经退行性疾病（NDDs）两个重要且研究充分的病理特征。由于耗氧量增加、易氧化的多不饱和脂肪酸大量存在以及抗氧化防御能力薄弱，大脑特别容易受到氧化损伤。这些缺陷是导致神经退行性疾病发展的原因，还是仅仅是神经元变性的结果，目前尚不确定。此外，这两个病理特征相互关联，已知氧化应激会影响炎症反应。在这篇综述中，我们将概述主要神经退行性疾病中这两条途径的最新研究结果。此外，我们将更深入地关注肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS），以了解抗炎和抗氧化药物如何用于治疗这种仍无法治愈的运动神经元（MN）疾病。最后，我们将分析这两种病理机制研究中过去和目前的主要临床试验以及未来展望。
