Gao Weiran, Ma Ronghan, Li Xi, Liu Jiaqi, Jiang Aohua, Tan Pingting, Xiong Guoxi, Du Chengzhang, Zhang Jijun, Zhang Xiaochun, Fang Xiaomei, Yi Zelin, Zhang Jian
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Institute of Specialty Crop, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 1;25(5):2857. doi: 10.3390/ijms25052857.
Soybean ( L.) is the main source of vegetable protein and edible oil for humans, with an average content of about 40% crude protein and 20% crude fat. Soybean yield and quality traits are mostly quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for yield and quality traits, as well as for the identification of mining-related candidate genes, is of great significance for the molecular breeding and understanding the genetic mechanism. In this study, 186 individual plants of the F generation derived from crosses between Changjiangchun 2 and Yushuxian 2 were selected as the mapping population to construct a molecular genetic linkage map. A genetic map containing 445 SSR markers with an average distance of 5.3 cM and a total length of 2375.6 cM was obtained. Based on constructed genetic map, 11 traits including hundred-seed weight (HSW), seed length (SL), seed width (SW), seed length-to-width ratio (SLW), oil content (OIL), protein content (PRO), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), linolenic acid (LNA), palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA) of yield and quality were detected by the multiple- d size traits and 113 QTLs related to quality were detected by the multiple QTL model (MQM) mapping method across generations F, F, F, and F. A total of 71 QTLs related to seed size traits and 113 QTLs related to quality traits were obtained in four generations. With those QTLs, 19 clusters for seed size traits and 20 QTL clusters for quality traits were summarized. Two promising clusters, one related to seed size traits and the other to quality traits, have been identified. The cluster associated with seed size traits spans from position 27876712 to 29009783 on Chromosome 16, while the cluster linked to quality traits spans from position 12575403 to 13875138 on Chromosome 6. Within these intervals, a reference genome of William82 was used for gene searching. A total of 36 candidate genes that may be involved in the regulation of soybean seed size and quality were screened by gene functional annotation and GO enrichment analysis. The results will lay the theoretical and technical foundation for molecularly assisted breeding in soybean.
大豆（Glycine max (L.) Merr.）是人类植物蛋白和食用油的主要来源，粗蛋白平均含量约为40%，粗脂肪平均含量约为20%。大豆产量和品质性状大多是受多基因控制的数量性状。对产量和品质性状进行数量性状基因座（QTL）定位以及挖掘相关候选基因，对于分子育种和理解遗传机制具有重要意义。本研究选取长江春2号和榆树先2号杂交得到的F代186个单株作为作图群体，构建分子遗传连锁图谱。获得了一张包含445个SSR标记的遗传图谱，平均间距为5.3 cM，总长度为2375.6 cM。基于构建的遗传图谱，采用多QTL模型（MQM）定位方法，在F、F、F和F代中检测了包括百粒重（HSW）、种子长度（SL）、种子宽度（SW）、种子长宽比（SLW）、油含量（OIL）、蛋白质含量（PRO）、油酸（OA）、亚油酸（LA）、亚麻酸（LNA）、棕榈酸（PA）、硬脂酸（SA）在内的11个产量和品质性状。共检测到71个与种子大小性状相关的QTL和113个与品质性状相关的QTL。通过这些QTL，总结出19个种子大小性状QTL簇和20个品质性状QTL簇。鉴定出两个有前景的簇，一个与种子大小性状相关，另一个与品质性状相关。与种子大小性状相关的簇位于第16号染色体上27876712至29009783位置，与品质性状相关的簇位于第6号染色体上12575403至13875138位置。在这些区间内，利用William82参考基因组进行基因搜索。通过基因功能注释和GO富集分析，共筛选出36个可能参与调控大豆种子大小和品质的候选基因。研究结果将为大豆分子辅助育种奠定理论和技术基础。
