Charlot Anouk, Bringolf Anthony, Debrut Léa, Mallard Joris, Charles Anne-Laure, Crouchet Emilie, Duteil Delphine, Geny Bernard, Zoll Joffrey
Biomedicine Research Center of Strasbourg (CRBS), UR 3072, "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Plasticité Musculaire", University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
Nutrients. 2024 Feb 25;16(5):646. doi: 10.3390/nu16050646.
Weight cycling is a major challenge in obesity management. Caloric restriction is known to promote this phenomenon, but the impact of macronutrient changes during dieting remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of macronutrient changes in weight maintenance without caloric restriction by alternating between two hypercaloric diets: a high-carbohydrate, high-fat Western diet (WD) and a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (LCHDF). Obesity was induced in 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice by 10 weeks of WD feeding. Then, the mice were subjected to 12 weeks of LCHFD interspersed with WD (I-WD), 3 periods of 2-week LCHFD followed by 2 periods of 3-week WD, or 12 weeks of continuous WD (C-WD). C-WD and I-WD mice were compared to standard diet (SD) mice. In the I-WD group, each LCHFD period decreased weight gain, but mice regained weight after WD resumption. I-WD mice exhibited obesity, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance, similarly to the C-WD mice. I-WD mice also developed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, associated with an increase in type-III collagen gene expression and a decrease in FGF21 protein levels, in comparison with SD. I-WD mice developed weight cycling despite maintaining a high caloric consumption, suggesting that changes in macronutrients during dieting are also a trigger of weight regain.
体重循环是肥胖管理中的一个重大挑战。已知热量限制会促进这种现象，但节食期间宏量营养素变化的影响仍不明确。本研究旨在通过在两种高热量饮食之间交替，确定宏量营养素变化在不进行热量限制的体重维持中的作用：一种是高碳水化合物、高脂肪的西方饮食（WD）和一种低碳水化合物、高脂肪饮食（LCHDF）。通过10周的WD喂养，在8周龄的C57BL/6雄性小鼠中诱导肥胖。然后，将小鼠进行12周的LCHFD穿插WD（I-WD），即3个为期2周的LCHFD阶段，随后是2个为期3周的WD阶段，或12周的持续WD（C-WD）。将C-WD和I-WD小鼠与标准饮食（SD）小鼠进行比较。在I-WD组中，每个LCHFD阶段体重增加减少，但恢复WD后小鼠体重又回升。I-WD小鼠表现出肥胖、血脂异常和葡萄糖不耐受，与C-WD小鼠相似。与SD相比，I-WD小鼠还发展为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎，这与III型胶原基因表达增加和FGF21蛋白水平降低有关。I-WD小鼠尽管保持高热量摄入，但仍出现体重循环，这表明节食期间宏量营养素的变化也是体重反弹的一个触发因素。
