Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Nutrients. 2024 Mar 6;16(5):751. doi: 10.3390/nu16050751.
To describe child, caregiver, and household characteristics associated with fruit and vegetable intakes among US children aged 1-5 years, we examined fruit and vegetable intakes (less than daily vs. daily) using data from the 2021 National Survey of Children's Health among children aged 1-5 years. Multiple logistic regression provided adjusted odds ratios for factors associated with (1) daily fruit and (2) daily vegetable intakes. Among children aged 1-5 years, 68% (n = 11,124) consumed fruit daily, and 51% (n = 8292) consumed vegetables daily. Both daily fruit and daily vegetable intake were associated with child age, child race and ethnicity, and frequency of family meals. For example, children who ate a family meal 4-6 days/week (aOR 0.69; 95% CI 0.57, 0.83) or 0-3 days/week (aOR 0.57; 95% CI 0.46, 0.72) were less likely to consume fruit daily compared to children who had a family meal every day. Participation in food assistance programs, food insufficiency, and household income were not significantly associated with odds of daily fruit or daily vegetable intake in the adjusted models. Several factors were associated with daily fruit and vegetable intake among children aged 1-5. Strategies aimed at increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in early childhood may consider these child, caregiver, and household characteristics. Pediatric healthcare providers, early childhood education centers, and families of young children may be important partners in this work.
为了描述与美国 1-5 岁儿童水果和蔬菜摄入量相关的儿童、照顾者和家庭特征，我们使用了 2021 年全国儿童健康调查的数据，调查了 1-5 岁儿童的水果和蔬菜摄入量（少于每日摄入量与每日摄入量）。多变量逻辑回归提供了与（1）每日水果和（2）每日蔬菜摄入量相关的因素的调整后比值比。在 1-5 岁的儿童中，68%（n=11124）每天食用水果，51%（n=8292）每天食用蔬菜。每日水果和每日蔬菜的摄入量均与儿童年龄、儿童种族和民族以及家庭用餐频率有关。例如，每周吃 4-6 天家庭餐的儿童（aOR 0.69；95%CI 0.57，0.83）或每周吃 0-3 天家庭餐的儿童（aOR 0.57；95%CI 0.46，0.72）与每天吃家庭餐的儿童相比，不太可能每天食用水果。参与食品援助计划、食品不足和家庭收入在调整后的模型中与每日水果或每日蔬菜摄入量的几率没有显著关联。一些因素与 1-5 岁儿童的每日水果和蔬菜摄入量有关。旨在增加幼儿期水果和蔬菜摄入量的策略可能需要考虑这些儿童、照顾者和家庭特征。儿科保健提供者、幼儿教育中心和幼儿家庭可能是这项工作的重要合作伙伴。
