El Khezraji Said, Ben Youcef Hicham, Belachemi Larbi, Lopez Manchado Miguel A, Verdejo Raquel, Lahcini Mohammed
IMED-Lab, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Abdelkrim Elkhattabi, B.P 549, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Polimeros (ICTP), CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Jan 4;15(2):254. doi: 10.3390/polym15020254.
Polyurethane foams (PUFs) are a significant group of polymeric foam materials. Thanks to their outstanding mechanical, chemical, and physical properties, they are implemented successfully in a wide range of applications. Conventionally, PUFs are obtained in polyaddition reactions between polyols, diisoycyanate, and water to get a CO foaming agent. The toxicity of isocyanate has attracted considerable attention from both scientists and industry professionals to explore cleaner synthesis routes for polyurethanes excluding the use of isocyanate. The polyaddition of cyclic carbonates (CCs) and polyfunctional amines in the presence of an external blowing agent or by self-blowing appears to be the most promising route to substitute the conventional PUFs process and to produce isocyanate-free polyurethane foams (NIPUFs). Especially for polyhydroxyurethane foams (PHUFs), the use of a blowing agent is essential to regenerate the gas responsible for the creation of the cells that are the basis of the foam. In this review, we report on the use of different blowing agents, such as Poly(methylhydrogensiloxane) (PHMS) and liquid fluorohydrocarbons for the preparation of NIPUFs. Furthermore, the preparation of NIPUFs using the self-blowing technique to produce gas without external blowing agents is assessed. Finally, various biologically derived NIPUFs are presented, including self-blown NIPUFs and NIPUFs with an external blowing agent.
聚氨酯泡沫（PUFs）是一类重要的聚合物泡沫材料。由于其优异的机械、化学和物理性能，它们成功应用于广泛的领域。传统上，PUFs是通过多元醇、二异氰酸酯和水之间的聚加成反应获得的，以得到CO发泡剂。异氰酸酯的毒性引起了科学家和行业专业人士的广泛关注，促使他们探索不使用异氰酸酯的更清洁的聚氨酯合成路线。在外部发泡剂存在下或通过自发泡进行环状碳酸酯（CCs）和多官能胺的聚加成反应，似乎是替代传统PUFs工艺并生产无异氰酸酯聚氨酯泡沫（NIPUFs）最有前景的途径。特别是对于聚羟基聚氨酯泡沫（PHUFs），使用发泡剂对于再生形成泡沫细胞基础的气体至关重要。在本综述中，我们报道了使用不同的发泡剂，如聚甲基氢硅氧烷（PHMS）和液态氟代烃来制备NIPUFs。此外，还评估了使用自发泡技术在无外部发泡剂的情况下生产气体来制备NIPUFs。最后，介绍了各种生物衍生的NIPUFs，包括自发泡NIPUFs和使用外部发泡剂的NIPUFs。
