Yang Zheng-Chao, Zhao Li-Xiang, Sang Yu-Qi, Huang Xin, Lin Xuan-Chen, Yu Zhi-Ming
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Mar 6;13(5):743. doi: 10.3390/plants13050743.
RNAs play important roles in regulating biological growth and development. Advancements in RNA-imaging techniques are expanding our understanding of their function. Several common RNA-labeling methods in plants have pros and cons. Simultaneously, plants' spontaneously fluorescent substances interfere with the effectiveness of RNA bioimaging. New technologies need to be introduced into plant RNA luminescence. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), due to their luminescent properties, tunable molecular size, high fluorescence intensity, good photostability, and low cell toxicity, have been widely applied in the animal and medical fields. The application of this technology in plants is still at an early stage. The development of AIEgens provides more options for RNA labeling. Click chemistry provides ideas for modifying AIEgens into RNA molecules. The CRISPR/Cas13a-mediated targeting system provides a guarantee of precise RNA modification. The liquid-liquid phase separation in plant cells creates conditions for the enrichment and luminescence of AIEgens. The only thing that needs to be looked for is a specific enzyme that uses AIEgens as a substrate and modifies AIEgens onto target RNA via a click chemical reaction. With the development and progress of artificial intelligence and synthetic biology, it may soon be possible to artificially synthesize or discover such an enzyme.
RNA在调节生物生长和发育过程中发挥着重要作用。RNA成像技术的进步正在拓展我们对其功能的理解。植物中几种常见的RNA标记方法各有优缺点。同时,植物自身的荧光物质会干扰RNA生物成像的效果。需要将新技术引入植物RNA发光研究中。聚集诱导发光 luminogens(AIEgens)因其发光特性、可调节的分子大小、高荧光强度、良好的光稳定性和低细胞毒性,已在动物和医学领域得到广泛应用。该技术在植物中的应用仍处于早期阶段。AIEgens的发展为RNA标记提供了更多选择。点击化学为将AIEgens修饰到RNA分子上提供了思路。CRISPR/Cas13a介导的靶向系统为精确的RNA修饰提供了保障。植物细胞中的液-液相分离为AIEgens的富集和发光创造了条件。唯一需要寻找的是一种以AIEgens为底物,通过点击化学反应将AIEgens修饰到目标RNA上的特定酶。随着人工智能和合成生物学的发展与进步,也许很快就能人工合成或发现这样一种酶。