Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Feb 26;15:1363664. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363664. eCollection 2024.
The balance of the microbiome, which is sensitive to temperature changes, plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and reducing the risk of diseases. However, the specific mechanisms by which immunity and microbiota interact to adapt to cold stress have yet to be addressed. In this study, Nanjiang Yellow goats were chosen as a model and sampled during the cold (winter, cold stress) and warm (spring) seasons, respectively. Analyses of serum immune factors, as well as the composition of rumen and fecal microbial communities, were conducted to explore the crosstalk between microbiota and innate immunity under cold stress. Significantly increased levels of IgA ( < 0.01) were observed in the cold season compared to the warm season. Conversely, the levels of IL-2 ( = 0.02) and IL-6 ( < 0.01) diminished under cold stress. However, no significant differences were observed in IgG ( = 0.89), IgM ( = 0.42), and IL-4 ( = 0.56). While there were no significant changes in the diversity of bacterial communities between the warm and cold seasons, positive correlations between serum IgA, IL-2, IL-6 concentrations and several genera were observed. Furthermore, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that the microbiota enriched in the MEbrown module positively correlated with IgA, while the microbiota enriched in the MEblue module positively correlated with IL-2 and IL-6. The strong correlation between certain probiotics, including , , , and _UCG.004, and the concentration of IL-2, and IL-6 suggests their potential role in immunomodulatory properties. This study provides valuable insights into the crosstalk between microbial communities and immune responses under the challenge of cold stress. Further studies on the immunomodulatory properties of these probiotics would contribute to the development of strategies to enhance the stress resistance of animals for improved overall health and survival.
微生物组的平衡对维持整体健康和降低疾病风险至关重要，而微生物组和免疫之间相互作用以适应冷应激的确切机制仍有待解决。在这项研究中，选择南疆黄羊作为模型，分别在寒冷（冬季，冷应激）和温暖（春季）季节进行采样。分析血清免疫因子以及瘤胃和粪便微生物群落的组成，以探索冷应激下微生物组和先天免疫之间的串扰。与温暖季节相比，寒冷季节 IgA 水平显著升高（<0.01）。相反，IL-2（=0.02）和 IL-6（<0.01）水平在冷应激下降低。然而，IgG（=0.89）、IgM（=0.42）和 IL-4（=0.56）没有显著差异。虽然温暖和寒冷季节之间细菌群落的多样性没有显著变化，但观察到血清 IgA、IL-2 和 IL-6 浓度与几个属之间存在正相关。此外，加权基因共表达网络分析表明，MEbrown 模块中富集的微生物与 IgA 呈正相关，而 MEblue 模块中富集的微生物与 IL-2 和 IL-6 呈正相关。某些益生菌，包括、、、和 _UCG.004，与 IL-2 和 IL-6 浓度之间的强烈相关性表明它们在免疫调节特性方面的潜在作用。这项研究提供了有关微生物群落和免疫反应在冷应激挑战下相互作用的有价值的见解。进一步研究这些益生菌的免疫调节特性将有助于开发增强动物抗应激能力的策略，以提高整体健康和生存能力。
