The high-density lipoprotein binding protein HDLBP is an unusual RNA-binding protein with multiple roles in cancer and disease.

The high-density lipoprotein binding protein (HDLBP) is the human member of an evolutionarily conserved family of RNA-binding proteins, the vigilin protein family. These proteins are characterized by 14 or 15 RNA-interacting KH (heterologous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K homology) domains. While mainly present at the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum, HDLBP and its homologs are also found in the cytosol and nucleus. HDLBP is involved in various processes, including translation, chromosome segregation, cholesterol transport and carcinogenesis. Especially, its association with the latter two has attracted specific interest in the HDLBP's molecular role. In this review, we give an overview of some of the functions of the protein as well as introduce its impact on different kinds of cancer, its connection to lipid metabolism and its role in viral infection. We also aim at addressing the possible use of HDLBP as a drug target or biomarker and discuss its future implications.