Blank D M
Nurs Res. 1985 Jul-Aug;34(4):211-6.
This article describes the development of a new instrument, the Blank Infant Tenderness Scale (BITS), designed to measure mothers' perceptions of infant tenderness needs. These infant needs include physiological requirements, such as nourishment and adequate body temperature, and contact requirements, such as physical closeness and manipulation. Guided by Sullivan's (1953) theorem of tenderness, a 36-item instrument was constructed. To assess reliability and validity of the BITS and to develop a beginning data base with new mothers, 65 healthy postpartum mothers participated in the study. The results demonstrated that the BITS has high internal consistency and construct validity, and sufficient split-half reliability. Parity was found to affect mothers' perceptions, with multiparous mothers differentiating more among infant tenderness needs than primiparous mothers. Although maternal age did not significantly influence mothers' perceptions, a graded effect was noted. The results further support the view that both physiological and contact needs are important in providing an infant with tenderness.
本文介绍了一种新工具——空白婴儿柔情量表（BITS）的开发，该量表旨在衡量母亲对婴儿柔情需求的认知。这些婴儿需求包括生理需求，如营养和适宜的体温，以及接触需求，如身体亲近和抚摸。以沙利文（1953年）的柔情定理为指导，构建了一个包含36个条目的工具。为了评估BITS的信效度，并为初为人母者建立一个初始数据库，65名健康的产后母亲参与了这项研究。结果表明，BITS具有较高的内部一致性和结构效度，以及足够的分半信度。研究发现胎次会影响母亲的认知，经产妇比初产妇在婴儿柔情需求方面的区分度更高。虽然母亲年龄对母亲的认知没有显著影响，但存在一种分级效应。研究结果进一步支持了以下观点，即生理需求和接触需求在给予婴儿柔情方面都很重要。
