Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
Dev Psychobiol. 2024 Apr;66(3):e22483. doi: 10.1002/dev.22483.
Parental supportive emotional expressivity could contribute to children's prosocial behaviors, and such an effect may differ for children with different levels of resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). This study disentangled the stable differences across dyads (i.e., between-person effects) from the dynamic associations between parental expressivity and children's prosocial behaviors within dyads (i.e., within-person effects) and determined how resting RSA functioned as a susceptibility factor in such effects. The longitudinal design consisted of three measurements with a 1-year interval performed among 208 school-aged children (48.6% girls; Han nationality) and their parents (153 mothers and 55 fathers). The initial measurement was conducted when the children were 7 years old (M = 7.13, SD = .33). Resting RSA was calculated at the first measurement; parents reported children's prosocial behaviors and parental expressivity at each of the three measurements. The results demonstrated significant between- and within-person effects of parental expressivity on children's prosocial behaviors and found a moderating role of children's resting RSA in the within-person effects. These findings suggest that children displayed more prosocial behaviors when parents showed more supportive expressivity both across and within dyads, and higher resting RSA operated as a differential susceptibility factor in the intraindividual fluctuations in parental expressivity.
父母的支持性情感表达能力可能有助于孩子的亲社会行为，而这种影响可能因孩子静息呼吸窦性心律失常 (RSA) 的水平不同而有所差异。本研究从亲子对之间的稳定差异（即个体间效应）和亲子间父母表达性与孩子亲社会行为之间的动态关联（即个体内效应）中解析出这种效应，并确定静息 RSA 如何作为这种效应的易感性因素发挥作用。该纵向设计包括三个测量，间隔为 1 年，共涉及 208 名学龄儿童（48.6%为女孩；汉族）及其父母（153 名母亲和 55 名父亲）。初始测量在儿童 7 岁时进行（M = 7.13，SD = 0.33）。静息 RSA 在第一次测量时计算；父母在三次测量中的每一次都报告了孩子的亲社会行为和父母的表达能力。结果表明，父母的表达能力对孩子的亲社会行为具有显著的个体间和个体内效应，并发现孩子的静息 RSA 对个体内效应中的父母表达能力的个体内波动具有调节作用。这些发现表明，当父母在亲子对之间和亲子对内部表现出更多的支持性表达时，孩子表现出更多的亲社会行为，而更高的静息 RSA 则作为父母表达能力的个体内波动的差异易感性因素发挥作用。
