Daniel C. Eisner is the owner of Systolica LLC, consulting and medical supplies, based in Bel Air, Md. The author has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
JAAPA. 2024 Apr 1;37(4):19-24. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0001007328.84376.da. Epub 2024 Mar 26.
Esophageal cancer is a challenging malignancy that often is diagnosed in advanced stages, resulting in a poor prognosis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the two main types of esophageal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma, and reviews epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnostic modalities, staging systems, and established and emerging treatments. Recent advancements in treatment for resectable and unresectable esophageal cancer also are explored. These include immunotherapy, targeted therapy, sentinel lymph node mapping, radiogenomics, palliative measures, and screening measures.
食管癌是一种具有挑战性的恶性肿瘤，通常在晚期诊断，预后不良。本文全面回顾了两种主要类型的食管癌，即食管鳞状细胞癌和食管腺癌，并回顾了流行病学、危险因素、发病机制、诊断方式、分期系统以及已确立和新兴的治疗方法。还探讨了可切除和不可切除食管癌的治疗新进展，包括免疫治疗、靶向治疗、前哨淋巴结绘图、放射组学、姑息治疗和筛查措施。
