Faculty for Collaborative Regional Innovation, Ehime University, 3, Bunkyo, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan.
Faculty of Law and Letters, Ehime University, 3, Bunkyo, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2024 Mar 14;20(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s13002-024-00675-y.
The intensification of production and socio-economic changes have accelerated the loss of local traditional knowledge and plant resources. Understanding the distribution and determinants of such biocultural diversity is essential in planning efficient surveys and conservation efforts. Because the concept of biocultural diversity in socio-ecological adaptive systems comprises biological, cultural, and linguistic diversity, linguistic information should serve as a surrogate for the distribution of local biological and cultural diversity. In this study, we spatio-linguistically evaluated the names of local trees and rice landraces recorded in Ehime Prefecture, southwestern Japan.
Hierarchical clustering was performed separately for the names of local trees and rice landraces. By considering innate flora differences and species having multiple local names, a novel distance index was adopted for local tree names. For the names of rice landraces, Jaccard distance was adopted. V-measure and factor detector analysis were used to evaluate the spatial association between the isogloss maps of the folk nomenclature derived from the clustering and multiple thematic maps.
Local tree names showed stronger spatial association with geographical factors than rice landrace names. One folk nomenclature group of trees overlapped well with the slash-and-burn cultivation area, suggesting a link between the naming of trees and the traditional production system. In contrast, rice landraces exhibited stronger associations with folklore practices. Moreover, influences of road networks and pilgrimages on rice landraces indicated the importance of human mobility and traditional rituals on rice seed transfer. High homogeneity and low completeness in the V-measure analysis indicated that the names of local trees and rice landraces were mostly homogenous within current municipalities and were shared with a couple of adjacent municipalities. The isogloss maps help to illustrate how the biological and cultural diversity of wild trees and rice landraces are distributed. They also help to identify units for inter-municipal collaboration for effective conservation of traditional knowledge related to those plant resources and traditional rice varieties themselves.
Our spatio-linguistic evaluation indicated that complex geographical and sociological processes influence the formation of plant folk nomenclature groups and implies a promising approach using quantitative lexico-statistical analysis to help to identify areas for biocultural diversity conservation.
生产的集约化和社会经济变革加速了当地传统知识和植物资源的流失。了解这种生物文化多样性的分布和决定因素对于规划有效的调查和保护工作至关重要。由于社会生态适应系统中的生物文化多样性概念包括生物多样性、文化多样性和语言多样性，语言信息应该作为当地生物和文化多样性分布的替代物。在这项研究中，我们对日本西南部爱媛县记录的当地树木和水稻地方品种的语言进行了空间语言评估。
分别对当地树木和水稻地方品种的名称进行层次聚类。考虑到内在植物差异和具有多个当地名称的物种，我们采用了一种新的距离指数来表示当地树木的名称。对于水稻地方品种的名称，采用了雅卡尔距离。V 测度和因子检测分析用于评估从聚类和多个专题图中得出的民间命名法同调图与多个主题图之间的空间关联。
与水稻地方品种名称相比，当地树木名称与地理因素的空间关联更强。一组树木的民间命名法与刀耕火种种植区吻合较好，表明树木的命名与传统生产系统之间存在联系。相比之下，水稻地方品种与民间习俗的联系更为紧密。此外，道路网络和朝圣对水稻地方品种的影响表明，人类的流动性和传统仪式对水稻种子的传播非常重要。V 测度分析的高同质性和低完整性表明，当地树木和水稻地方品种的名称在当前市辖区内大多是同质的，并与几个相邻的市辖区共享。同调图有助于说明野生树木和水稻地方品种的生物和文化多样性的分布情况。它们还可以帮助确定市际合作的单位，以有效保护与这些植物资源和传统水稻品种相关的传统知识。
我们的空间语言评估表明，复杂的地理和社会过程影响了植物民间命名法群体的形成，并暗示了使用定量词汇统计分析来帮助确定生物文化多样性保护区域的有前途的方法。
