Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FIPERJ). Pç. Fonseca Ramos s/n - Terminal Rodoviário Roberto Silveira, sobreloja, 24030-020 Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências (Geoquímica), Departamento de Geoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Outeiro São João Baptista s/n, 24020-141 Centro, Niterói, RJ, RJ, Brazil.
J Appl Microbiol. 2024 Apr 1;135(4). doi: 10.1093/jambio/lxae068.
Although elasmobranchs are consumed worldwide, bacteriological assessments for this group are still sorely lacking. In this context, this study assessed bacteria of sharks and rays from one of the most important landing ports along the Rio de Janeiro coast.
Bacteria were isolated from the cloacal swabs of the sampled elasmobranchs. They were cultured, and Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Enterobacterales were isolated and identified. The isolated bacteria were then biochemically identified and antimicrobial susceptibility assays were performed. Antigenic characterizations were performed for Salmonella spp. and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays were performed to identify Escherichia coli pathotypes. Several bacteria of interest in the One Health context were detected. The most prevalent Enterobacterales were Morganella morganii and Citrobacter freundii, while Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio fluvialis were the most prevalent among Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas allosacharophila and Aeromonas veronii bv. veronii were the most frequent among Aeromonas spp. Several bacteria also displayed antimicrobial resistance, indicative of Public Health concerns. A total of 10% of Vibrio strains were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 40% displayed intermediate resistance to cefoxitin. Salmonella enterica strains displayed intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and streptomycin. All V. cholerae strains were identified as non-O1/non-O139. The detected E. coli strains did not exhibit pathogenicity genes. This is the first study to perform serology assessments for S. enterica subsp. enterica isolated from elasmobranchs, identifying the zoonotic Typhimurium serovar. Salmonella serology evaluations are, therefore, paramount to identify the importance of elasmobranchs in the epidemiological salmonellosis chain.
The detection of several pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria may pose significant Public Health risks in Brazil, due to high elasmobranch consumption rates, indicating the urgent need for further bacteriological assessments in this group.
尽管全世界都在食用鲨鱼，但对这一群体的细菌学评估仍然严重不足。在这种情况下，本研究评估了里约热内卢海岸一个最重要的登陆港口的鲨鱼和鳐鱼的细菌。
从采样的鲨鱼和鳐鱼的泄殖腔拭子中分离出细菌。对其进行培养，并分离和鉴定出弧菌、气单胞菌和肠杆菌科。然后对分离出的细菌进行生化鉴定，并进行抗菌药物敏感性试验。对沙门氏菌属进行了抗原特性分析，并通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测鉴定了大肠埃希菌的病原体型。在“同一健康”背景下检测到了几种具有重要意义的细菌。最常见的肠杆菌科是摩氏摩根菌和弗氏柠檬酸杆菌，而弧菌属中最常见的是哈维弧菌和弗氏弧菌，气单胞菌属中最常见的是嗜水气单胞菌和维隆气单胞菌。几种细菌也表现出抗菌药物耐药性，这表明存在公共卫生问题。共有 10%的弧菌菌株对甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑耐药，40%的菌株对头孢西丁显示中介耐药性。沙门氏菌属菌株对环丙沙星、萘啶酸和链霉素显示中介耐药性。所有霍乱弧菌菌株均被鉴定为非 O1/非 O139 型。检测到的大肠杆菌菌株未显示致病性基因。这是首次对从鲨鱼和鳐鱼中分离的沙门氏菌属肠亚种进行血清学评估，鉴定出了沙门氏菌属的肠炎血清型。因此，沙门氏菌血清学评估对于确定鲨鱼和鳐鱼在流行病学沙门氏菌病链中的重要性至关重要。
由于巴西对鲨鱼的高消费率，检测到的几种致病性和耐药性细菌可能会对公共卫生造成重大风险，表明迫切需要对这一群体进行进一步的细菌学评估。
